Integumentary System

Question 1

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 1

A. Protect the body from external hazards
B.Water retention
C. Regulate Body Temp
D. Vitamin D synthesis
E. Sensation (to touch, to heat, etc)
F. Non-Verbal Communication

Question 2

Where is the epidermis in relation to the dermis?

Answer 2

The epidermis is superficial in relation to the dermis

Question 3

What are the layers of skin?

Answer 3

Epidermis outer layer of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, forms waterproof surface barrier

Dermis deeper, supporting layer of dense, irregular connective tissue

Hypodermis a layer of adipose tossue that binds skin to deeper tissues to insulate and cushion the body

Question 4

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial? (BSGLC)

Answer 4

Stratum basale - base or deepest layer

Stratum spinosume - thick layer of flat
spiny celles where keratinization starts

Stratum granulosum - layers of living cells producing keratohyin granules

Stratum lucidum - thin layer of dead cells only found in dead cells

Stratum corneum - outer later of dead, keratnized cells

Question 5

What are the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial

Answer 5

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosume
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum (thick skin only)
Stratum corneum

Question 6

Stratum basale

Answer 6

Deepest layer of epidermis, cells actively dividing because they are near a blood source

Question 7

Stratum spinosum

Answer 7

Thick layer of flat, spiny cells where keratanization starts

Question 8

Stratum granulosum

Answer 8

3-5 layer of living cells producing keratohyalin

Question 9

Stratum lucidum

Answer 9

Found only in thick skin, a clear layer of dead cells

Question 10

Stratum corenum

Answer 10

The outermost layer of the epidermis: dead, keratinized cells

Question 11

What are the cells in the epidermis (besides squamous epithelial cells)

Answer 11

keratinocytes - produce keratin to waterproof the skin

melanocytes - in stratum basale; produce melanin to protect the cells from UV

tactile cells - in stratum basael, detect light touch

Langerhans cells - phagocytize bacteria and present antigens

Question 12

Layers of the Dermis

Answer 12

Papillary Layer - upper layer of areolar tissue, small blood vessels, acts as the “glue” by using dermal papillae

Reticular Layer - thick lower layer of dense irregular connective tissue that provides strength and elasticity

Question 13

Why do we have dense irregular tissue in the dermis?

Answer 13

To provide elasticity and strength

Question 14

Name the two major sensory corpuscles found in the skin

Answer 14

Meissner corpuscles detect light pressure

Pacinian corpsucles detect high frequency vibrations (more sensitive)

Question 15

What do melanocytes produce?

Answer 15

Melanin, for UV protection

Question 16

How is the hair follicle different from the hair itself?

Answer 16

The hair follicle is the tube of epidermal cells that holds the root and bulb to support the hair filament

The hair filament is the fast-growing keratinized cells

Question 17

Arrector Pili

Answer 17

Muscle that causes hair to stand on end, vestigal in humans

Question 18

What are the two functions of nails?

Answer 18

Protect fingers, enhance sensitivity

Question 19

Name the glands associated with the integumentary system

Answer 19

Eccrine sweat glands - produce sweat for evaporatove cooling

Apocrine sweat glands - produce thick, oily secretions in armpits and groin

Sebaceous glands - produce oily secretions associated with hair follicles

Ceruminous glands - produce earwax to kill bacteria and trap debris

Mammary glands - found in breast tissue, produce milk during third trimester of pregnancy and during nursing