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Human anatomy & physiology > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

Integument

A

The largest system of the body
16% body weight
1.5- 2m

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2
Q

How many parts of the system

A

2

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3
Q

Cutaneous membrane(Skin)

A

organ composed of superficial epithelium and underlying connective tissue

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4
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

beneath the dermis

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5
Q

What does the subcutaneous layer attach?

A

Attaches the skin to deeper structures like bone and muscles

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6
Q

Accessory structures includes?

A

Hair, nails, and a variety of exocrine glands

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7
Q

Functions

A

Protects, maintains body temp., synthesizes, stores lipids, sensory perception, excretes, prevents water loss

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8
Q

Avascular

A

nutrients and oxygen diffuse from capillaries in the dermis

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9
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

capable of keratinizing
Replaces itself every 25-45 days

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10
Q

Thick skin

A

Covers palms of hands & soles of the feet
5 layers/strata

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11
Q

Thin skin

A

Covers most of the body
Has 4 layers/strata

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12
Q

Stratum basale

A

Deepest layer, Basale cells constantly going under mitosis: cells get pushed upwards

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13
Q

Stratum spinosum(Spiny layer)

A

Produced by division of basale
cells shrink until cytoskeleton sticks out

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13
Q

Stratum granulosum (grainy layer)

A

Produces keratin

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14
Q

What is keratin

A

Durable and water resistant, coats the surface of the skin, forms basic structure of hair, calluses and nails

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15
Q

Stratum lucidum(clear layer)

A

Not in all skin regions, only where skin is hairless and extra thick
Covers stratum granulosum-flattened, densely packed cells

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16
Q

Stratum corneum (horn layer)

A

Most superficial layer
15-30 cell layers thick of keratinized and cornified cells

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17
Q

Where does skin color come from?

A

pigments and blood amount and kind of melanin

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18
Q

When is activity increased

A

when exposed to sunlight

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19
Q

Freckles

A

small, pigmented spots with greater than average melanin production

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20
Q

Where does carotene accumulate

A

in the epidermis cells and fatty tissues of the dermis
able to be converted into Vitamin A

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21
Q

Amount of Oxygen

A

rich hemoglobin in the dermal blood cells

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22
Q

what happens to blood vessels in heat

A

Dilate which causes the skin to redden

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23
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blush tint to skin due to severe reduction in blood flow or oxygen

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24
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowish color to the skin that indicates liver malfunction that normally breaks down the pigment bilirubin

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25
Q

Functions of melancytes

A

when exposed to sunlight it produces more melanin which the stratum basale cells phagocytized, it accumulates with them

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26
Q

What does melanin from over the superficial side of the nuclei that shields their genetic material

A

Protective pigment umbrella

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27
Q

What does skin color depend on?

A

Amount of melanin produced not the number of melanocytes

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28
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common
Originates in the stratum basale

29
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Involve more superficial layers of epi cells
metastasis seldom occurs in these cancers

29
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Extremely dangerous- cancerous melanocytes grow rapidly and metastasize through lymphoid system

30
Q

Epidermal cells produce ___ in the presence of UV

A

Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)

31
Q

Liver and kidney convert it into what in order to aid in absorption of calcium and phosphorus

A

Calcitriol

32
Q

Rickets

A

softening and weakening of the bones

33
Q

Dermis

A

is beneath the epidermis and is mostly made up of dense connective tissue
anchors epidermal accessory structures

34
Q

how many regions of the dermis

A

2

35
Q

Papillary layer

A

upper dermal region consisting of areolar tissue
has finger like projections on it’s superior surface called dermal papillae that indents the epi above

36
Q

what does the papillary layer contain

A

smaller capillaries, lymphatics, and sensory neurons

37
Q

Reticular layer

A

deepest skin layer made of dense irregular connective tissue with collegen and elastic fibers

38
Q

What does the reticular layer contain

A

Blood vessels, sweat and oil glands

39
Q

Phagoyctes

A

Prevents bacteria from going any deeper into the body

40
Q

Collagen fibers

A

responsible for toughness, and attract and bind water to keep skin hydrated

41
Q

Hypodermis

A

not considered part of the skin but anchors skin to underlying organs

42
Q

What’s it made up of

A

adipose & areolar tissues

43
Q

What does it serve as?

A

Shock absorber and insulates deeper tissues from extreme temp. changes occurring outside the body

44
Q

What does it have

A

few capillaries, no vital organs but does contain blood vessels

45
Q

hair and follicles

A

all over body except palms, soles, nipples, and lips

46
Q

what is its function

A

guards head against bumps
shields eyes and keeps foreign particles out of the respiratory tract
Sensitive to touch

47
Q

arrector pili muscles

A

when stimulated, pulls on follicle making hair stand up and causes “goosebumps”

48
Q

what is the structure of them

A

non-living produced by organs called hair follicle
deep in the dermis
walls contain all layers of epidermis

49
Q

Hair papilla

A

peg of CT containing capillaries & nerves found at base of follicle

50
Q

Root

A

Part of hair enclosed in the follicle

51
Q

shaft

A

part of hair enclosed in the follicle

52
Q

what are the 3 layers of dead cells

A

cuticle, cortex, medulla

53
Q

Cuticle

A

surface layer, overlapping shingle-like layers of cells, hard like keratin

54
Q

cortex

A

under cuticle, hard keratin

54
Q

medulla

A

core of hair, flexible soft keratin

55
Q

sebaceous glands

A

all over, except on palms & soles
ducts empty into hair follicle

56
Q

secrete sebuim (oil)

A

a mixture of oily substance and fragmented cells is a lubricant that keeps skin soft, moist and prevents hair from becoming brittle; also contains chems that kill bacteria

57
Q

sudoriferous glands(Sweat glands)

A

found all over the body
produce watery secretions

58
Q

how many types of sweat

A

2

59
Q

Apocrine sweat gland

A

are largely confined to the axillary, genital, and anal region
ducts empty into hair follicles

60
Q

secretion

A

same as eccrine gland+ fatty acids and proteins may have yellow color Is odorless but takes on a must smell

61
Q

Eccrine glands

A

found all over the body, especially on palms & soles reach skin surface by a duct that open as a pore

62
Q

modified sweat glands- ceruminous glands

A

in passageway of external ear

63
Q

nail functions

A

protect fingers and toes from mechanical stress

64
Q

nail body

A

covers nail bed, made of dense mass of dead, keratinized cells

65
Q

nail root

A

under epithelial fold where nail production occurs

66
Q

Cuticle

A

portion of stratum corneum that extends over exposed nail nearest root

67
Q

Lunula

A

white crescent at the bottom, of the nail

Human anatomy & physiology (2 decks)

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