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Anatomy > Integumentum communae > Flashcards

Integumentum communae Flashcards

1
Q

Main function of the skin?

A

Outer barrier, interface to the environment.

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2
Q

Integumentum communae consists of?

A 
cutis (dermis, epidermis and hairs)
tela subcutanea
Hair
glandulae cutis and glandulae mammaria
claws, hooves and horns.
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3
Q

Function of Integumentum communae?

A

Physical barrier, prevents entry of foreign substances.
Immunological defence and communication.
Sensory reception
Vitamin production
Thermoregulation
Absorption
Execretion (glands, water, electrolytes, vitamins, fat)

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4
Q

Layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum basale - cell division, migration
Stratum spinosum - keratinization, cornification
Stratum granulosum - cells die, hard protein envelope forms.
Stratum lucidum - remnant of horn cells ( present in digital pads of dog, cat)
Stratum corneum/disjunctum - superficial layer, cells are sloughed off.

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5
Q

2 types of keratinization?

A

Soft - in accosiation with granular layer, skin.

Hard - modification of keratinization, no granular layer present. Hoof, claw.

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6
Q

What is true about the corium?

A

Determine the thickness of the skin
Thinnest in sheep and cats
Thickest in cattle
Glands and hair is in this layer

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7
Q

What does the tela subcutanea consist of, and what purpose does it serve?

A

loose connective tissue, interspersed with white fat.

Protection against cold, energy reservoir and padding.

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8
Q

What is the corium composed of?

A

collagen fibre bundles and elastic fibres

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9
Q

Two layers of the corium?

A

Stratum reticulare - rich in fibres, poor in cells, lies directly on the subcutis.
Stratum papillare - underlies epidermis, rich in bloodvessels and cells.

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10
Q

What is the papillary body and what function does it have?

A

Ridges and papillae.
Increase mechanical adhesion between the dermis (corium) and the epidermis.
Enchance diffusion of nutrients from the vascularized dermis to the unvascularized epidermis.

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11
Q

What type of epithelium is epidermis formed by?

A

Cornified, stratified squamous epithelium.

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12
Q

Cells of the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes - produce keratin for strength
Melanocytes - skin colour
Langerhans cells - immune system, defence against viral infections, allergies, tumours.
Merkel’s cells - receptors for light, touch, pressure

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13
Q

What is plica cutis?

A

Folds where animals have exessive subcutis.

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14
Q

Parts of the hair?

A 
scapus pilli (shaft)
radix pilli (root)
bulbus pilli (bulb)
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15
Q

Core of the hair?

A

Medulla, cortex, cuticle.

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16
Q

What are hairs?

A

elastic columns of keratine, formed by epidermis.

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17
Q

Which muscles move the hairs and why?

A

Arrector pilli, thermoregulation.

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18
Q

Capilli?

A

outer hair, topcoat.

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19
Q

Pilli lanei

A

wool of sheep

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20
Q

Cirrus

A

long hair:

  • cirrus caudae (tail of horse)
  • cirrus metacarpeus/tarseus (fetlock feathers of horse)
  • cirrus capitis (head of the cow)
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21
Q

Juba

A

mane of horse

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22
Q

Barba

A

tail hair of cattle, pigs

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23
Q

Vibrissae

A

hair in nostrils

24
Q

Tragi

A

long hairs of tragus around the ears

25
Q

Cilia

A

upper/lower eyelashes

26
Q

Setae

A

thick hair of pigs

27
Q

What is the function of Pillus tactilis?

A

registering the surrounding environment, in contact with sensory nerves.

28
Q

What types of pili tactiles do we have?

A 
labii superioris/inferioris
labiales superioris/inferioris
buccales
supra/infra orbitales
mandibulares
carpales (cat)
palpebrae inferioris/superioris
29
Q

What is flumina pilorum?

A

hair streams, uniform smooth apperance of the hair.

30
Q

Vortex?

A

Spiralized hair.

31
Q

Linea pilorum?

A

crests, crossing and parting between unified coat

32
Q

3 types of glandulae cutis? (skin glands)

A 
glandulae sebaceae (sebaceous)
glandulae sudoriferae (sudoriferous)
glandulae odorifera (aromatic)
33
Q

what is glandulae sebaceae?

A

glands which drain into hair follicles. Produce oily secretion (sebum), mix with secretions from sweat glands.
Oils hair and skin surface, waterproof protection.

34
Q

What is glandulae sudoriferae?

A 
sweat glands, produce watery secretion.
ceruminous glands (ear wax)
Mammary glands (modified sweat glands)
35
Q

What is glandulae odorifera?

A

Glands that produce individual odour, characteristic for each animal.

36
Q

Apocrine sweat glands?

A

Most common
Discharge sweat into hair follicles
Secretion provides the gll. odorifera (individual scent)
Numerous in horse (much protein = froth)

37
Q

Eccrine sweat glands?

A

Not associated with hair.
More watery sweat, directly onto skin
Only found in hairless (nearly) areas of the skin (footpads of dogs)

38
Q

Function of glandulae mammaria?

A

Unique to mammals, process of lactation.

39
Q

What is glandulae mammaria?

A

modified sweat glands of the exocrine, tubuloalveolar type.

40
Q

What does the glandulae mammaria consist of?

A

Gland –> complex –> units

species specific number of complexes and units.

41
Q

What does the mammary complex consist of?

A

A body (corpus mammae) and a teat ( papilla mammae)

42
Q

Function of the glandulae mammaria?

A

Secrete milk and colostrum for nourishment of the young.

43
Q

What is colostrum?

A

First milk with antibodies, functions as passive immunity and perparation of the newborns intestines.

44
Q 
Pig:  Number of complexes
glands pr. side 
teats pr. side 
teat openings
Arrangement?
A 
Pig
14 complexes
6-7 glands each side
6-7 teats each side
2-3 openings/teat
Thoracoinguinale.
45
Q 
Carnivores:
Number of complexes
glands pr. side 
teats pr. side 
teat openings
Arrangement?
A 
10 complexes
5 glands each side
5 teats each side
12 openings/teat
Thoracoinguinale.
46
Q 
Felines:
Number of complexes
glands pr. side 
teats pr. side 
teat openings
Arrangement?
A 
8 complexes
4 glands each side
4 teats each side
2-3 openings/teat
Abdominoinguinale.
47
Q 
Bovine:
Number of complexes
glands pr. side 
teats pr. side 
teat openings
Arrangement?
A 
4 complexes
1 glands each side
2 teats each side
1 openings/teat
Inguinale.
48
Q 
Equine:
Number of complexes
glands pr. side 
teats pr. side 
teat openings
Arrangement?
A 
2 complexes
2 glands each side
1 teat each side
2 openings/teat
Inguinale.
49
Q 
Goat:
Number of complexes
glands pr. side 
teats pr. side 
teat openings
Arrangement?
A 
2 complexes
1 glands each side
1 teat each side
1 openings/teat
Inguinale.
50
Q 
Sheep:
Number of complexes
glands pr. side 
teats pr. side 
teat openings
Arrangement?
A 
2 complexes
1 glands each side
1 teat each side
1 openings/teat
Inguinale.
51
Q

What is an uber?

A

term for the mammae in Bo + Eq.

52
Q

What is innflammation of the mammary gland called?

A

Mastitis.

53
Q

What does corpus mammae consist of?

A

epithelial glandular tissue (glandulae mammaria) and connective tissue, (interstitium) with nerves, blood and lymph vessels.

54
Q

What are the components of the duct system?

A
  • glandulae alveolus, place of milk production
  • ductus lactiferi, transportation of milk
  • sinus lactife, bulk storage of milk
55
Q

How is the glandular tissue arranged?

A

lobuli glandulae mammariae ( multitude of alveoli)

Several lobes –> lobi glandulae mammariae

Anatomy (1 decks)

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