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ELE PEC > Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities > Flashcards

Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

Historically, these individuals were typically feared, ignored and misunderstood.

A

The Eugenics Scare

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2
Q

What do you call the limited ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn from experience

A

Intellectual Disability

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3
Q

Level of Intellectual disability that is 1 or 2 years behind the normal development of academic and social skills

A

Mild Intellectual disability

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4
Q

Level of ID that depend on others to maintain even their most basic life functions

A

Profound Intellectual disability

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5
Q

It has the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, comprehend complex ideas and learn from experience

A

intellectual functioning

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6
Q

refers to the person’s score that is compared with the average of other people who have taken the same test

A

normative sample

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7
Q

it is the extent to which any given individual’s score deviates from this average of 100

A

standard deviation

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8
Q

According to ____, professionals across multiple disciplines engaged in the advocacy for, study, treatment, and education of intellectual disabilities

A

American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Abilities (AAIDD)

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9
Q

What do you call an IQ which is relatively stable over time, except when measured in young normally-developing infants

A

The Controversial IQ

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10
Q

what do you call the effect in which the phenomenon that IQ scores have risen about three points per decade since IQ testing began

A

The Flynn Effect

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11
Q

What do you call a behavior that is conceptual, social, and practical skills that have been learned by people to function in their everyday lives

A

Adaptive Behavior

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12
Q

Adaptive behavior is measured by ____ and uses structured interviews, or direct observation to obtain information

A

Adaptive behavior scales

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13
Q

It is used to measure adaptive behavior by observations by family members or professionals who are familiar with the individual

A

Informal Appraisal

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14
Q

What are some examples of adaptive skills

A
  1. Conceptual - reading and writing, language, money concepts
  2. Social - follow rules, self - esteem, interpersonal skills
  3. Practical - activities of daily living
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15
Q

It is a disability wherein mental and/or physical impairments are diagnosed at birth or during the childhood and adolescent years

A

Developmental Disabilities

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16
Q

Age of onset for Intellectual disability

A

before a person is 18 yrs old

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17
Q

Developmental Disabilities results in substantial functional limitations in at least 3 areas of major life activity. Give at least 3 major life activity

A
  • self care
  • language
  • learning
  • mobility
  • self - direction
  • capacity for independent living
  • economic self - sufficiency
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18
Q

It is a co-occurrence of intellectual disability and a psychiatric disorder

A

Dual Diagnosis

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19
Q

what influences the overall intellectual and adaptive functioning

A

physical and mental health

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20
Q

What affects the level of independence

A

environmental context

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21
Q

What are the 3 levels of environmental context

A
  1. Immediate social setting
  2. Broader neighborhood, community, or organizations that provide services and supports
  3. Overarching patterns of culture and society
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22
Q

Classification: what level of Intellectual disability that usually applies to people with down syndrome

A

Moderate ID

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23
Q

Classification: what level of Intellectual disability that usually can be identified at a very young age and mostly require special assistance throughout their lives

A

Severe ID

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24
Q

Classification: what level of Intellectual disability that usually can be identified in infancy and most require lifelong care and assistance. It is also the lowest level of performance

A

Profound ID

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25
Q

What do you call a person that does not always need assistance

A

Episodic

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26
Q

A type of assistance that may be funded through government programs

A

formal supports

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27
Q

type of assistance provided by family members, friends, or neighbors

A

natural supports

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28
Q

The criteria that must be met for a diagnosis of ID

A
  • deficits in intellectual functioning confirmed by clinical assessment and standardized intelligence testing
  • deficits in adaptive functioning that result in failure to meet developmental and sociocultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility
  • onset of deficits occurs during the developmental period
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29
Q

A common speech difficulty that has abnormal repetitions, prolongations, and hesitations as one speaks

A

Stuttering

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30
Q

A common speech difficulty that omissions, substitutions, additions, and distortion of words

A

Articulation problems

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31
Q

A common speech difficulty that has abnormal acoustical qualities in a person’s speech

A

Voice problems

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32
Q

it is learning how to learn

A

metacognition

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33
Q

ability to apply what is learned to new experiences

A

generalization

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34
Q

ability to regulate one’s own behavior

A

self - regulation

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35
Q

trouble focusing on relevant stimuli, sometimes attending to the wrong things

A

greater severity of intellectual deficit

36
Q

studies how a person processes information from sensory stimuli to motoric output

A

information - processing theories

37
Q

help the person plan how to solve a problem

A

metacognitive processes

38
Q

a method to teach self regulation

A

social stories

39
Q

in school setting, it is learning to memorize whole words

A

phonetic reading

40
Q

in school setting, it is learning their names and those of significant others

A

sight word reading

41
Q

what is usually considered the weakest area of learning

A

reading comprehension

42
Q

it is a hypothesis that all children pass through stages of development in an identical order

A

similar sequence hypothesis

43
Q

a hypothesis that children with ID demonstrate many of the same behaviors and underlying processes as normally developing children who are at the same level of cognitive functioning

A

similar structure hypothesis

44
Q

a behavior that may be weak in children with Down syndrome

A

language and social behavior

45
Q

refers to the alternation between periods of gain and functioning, and periods of little or no advance, as displayed in children with Down syndrome

A

slowing and stability hypothesis

46
Q

What are the considered part of the spectrum of problems coexisting with intellectual disability, rather than indicators of mental disorder

A

impulse control problems, anxiety problems and mood problems

47
Q

Cause of ID that occurs when there errors in the genes when combined

A

genetic conditions

48
Q

a disorders in having too many or too few chromosomes

A

chromosomal disorders

49
Q

21st pair have an extra chromosome

A

Trisomy 21 or nondisjunction

50
Q

A syndrome characterized by an absence of genetic materials on the 7th end of the chromosome

It is also rare genetic disease that occurs once in every 20,000 births

A

Williams syndrome

51
Q

A genetic abnormalities in the 23rd pair of chromosomes and most common cause of inherited intellectual disability

A

Fragile X syndrome

52
Q

Give some physical features of Fragile X syndrome

A
  • large head and flat ears
  • long, narrow face with a broad nose
  • large forehead
  • squared-off chin
  • prominent testicles
  • large hands
53
Q

Give some physical feature of down syndrome

A
  • slanting eyes with folds of skin at the inner corners (epicanthal folds)
  • excessive ability to extend the joints
  • short, broad hands with a single crease across the palm on one or both hands
  • broad feet with short toes
  • flat bridge of the nose
  • short, low-set ears
  • short neck
  • small head
  • small oral cavity
  • short, high-pitched cries in infancy
54
Q

what syndromes are both associated with an abnormality of chromosome 15

A

Prader - Willi syndrome and Angelman Syndrome

55
Q

Syndrome that has constant sense of hunger or involuntary urge to eat

A

prader - willi syndrome

56
Q

syndrome that has complex genetic disorder that primarily affects the nervous system

A

angelman syndrome

57
Q

syndrome that has complex genetic disorder that primarily affects the nervous system

A

angelman syndrome

58
Q

A disorder in which the cells cannot produce proteins or enzymes needed to process (metabolize) certain substances that can then become poisonous and damage tissue in the central nervous system

A

single - gene disorders

59
Q

A inherited metabolic disorder

A

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

60
Q

A disorder of one or several genes on different chromosomes in combination with environmental factors result in abnormal inheritance patterns

A

Multifactorial Disorders

61
Q

A syndrome caused by damage to the fetus from maternal alcohol consumption

A

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

62
Q

It has a greater risk of having a premature baby with complicating developmental problems

A

Smoking

63
Q

name some drugs known to produce serious fetal damage

A

lsd
heroin
morphine
cocaine

64
Q

gestation disorders involving prematurity and low birth weight

A

maternal substance abuse

65
Q
  • german measles contracted by a mother during pregnancy
  • causes intellectual disabilities, deafness, blindness, cerebral palsy, cardiac problems, seizures, and other neurological problems
A

congenital rubella (German Measles)

66
Q

A virus that reduces immune system function has been linked to AIDS

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

67
Q

A partial or complete absence of cerebral tissue

A

anencephaly

68
Q

A excess of cerebrospinal fluid that accumulates in the skull

A

hydrocephalus

69
Q

An inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

A

meningitis

70
Q

An inflammation of brain tissue that may damage the central nervous system

A

encephalitis

71
Q

An intervention that seeks to develop, remedy, or adapt learner skills based on a child’s variation from what is considered normal

A

developmental milestones

72
Q

An intervention that array visual, auditory, and physical stimuli programs to promote infant development

A

infant simulation

73
Q

an intervention that can help reduce risk factors and promote healthy development

A

early intervention through intensive, child - focused activities

74
Q

It is a part of two - group approach that is genetic and constitutional factors and neurobiological influences

A

organic causes

75
Q

A part of two - group approach that intellectual disabilities that may be attributable to both sociocultural and genetic factors

A

Cultural - Familial ID

76
Q

An assessment in which it assess mental capacity for learning, reasoning and problem solving

A

IQ test

77
Q

A type of standardized assessment in which it compares and rank test takers in relation to one another

A

Norm - referenced standardized assessments

78
Q

It is teaching academic subjects through precisely sequences lessons involving drill, practice, and immediate feedback

A

direct instruction

79
Q

learning how to use a bank account, shopping in a grocery store, or using a vending machine

A

functional math

80
Q

it is critical to independence from caregivers

A

self - help skills

81
Q

It emphasizes importance of problem-solving and decision making skills and of using appropriate communication in a social context

A

Social skills

82
Q

A gross motor skills in which it is intended to move a person freely through the environment

A

Locomotor patterns

83
Q

A skill that is prerequisite to successful learning in other content areas, including self-help and social skills

A

motor skills

84
Q

A technique in psychosocial treatments that is focused on shaping to teach language skills

A

behavioral techniques

85
Q

A program that provide parents with information about fetal development and stresses of childbirth and postnatal adjustment

A

Prenatal Programs

86
Q

It may be used to determine whether a fetus has some genetic abnormality that would lead to a seriously handicapping condition

A

prenatal genetic screening

87
Q

A segregated vocational training and employment setting for people with disabilities

A

Sheltered workshop

ELE PEC (7 decks)

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