Interactions + Attachment

Question 1

What is attachment?

Answer 1

-a strong reciprocal emotional bond between an infant and primary care giver

Question 2

What is reciprocity?

Answer 2

-2 way bond between child and mother
-has to bond to have successful attachment
-Brazelton - 2 weeks old - attempt to copy caregiver

Question 3

What is interactional synchrony?

Answer 3

-infant and caregiver become synchronised in their interactions
-Brazelton - infants copy displayed distinctive facial expressions

Question 4

What was the aim of Schaffer + Emerson’s study?

Answer 4

-identify stages of attachment in the development of an attachment between infants and parents

Question 5

Procedure of the stages of attachment?

Answer 5

-60 Glaswegian babies
-analysed interactions
-carers were interviewed
-mother tracked behaviours based on sep anxiety, stranger anxiety and social referencing
-longitudinal study

Question 6

What is separation anxiety?

Answer 6

-signs of distress when the carer leaves

Question 7

What is stranger anxiety?

Answer 7

-signs of distress as a response to a stranger arriving

Question 8

What is social referencing?

Answer 8

-how often infant looks at the carer to see how they should respond to something new

Question 9

What were the findings of S+E study?

Answer 9

-babies who had sensitive responsiveness = more likely to have formed an attachment
-infants formed more attachments with those who spent less time with them

Question 10

What were the 4 stages of attachment?

Answer 10

1. Asocial
2. Indiscriminate
3. Specific
4. Multiple

Question 11

What is the asocial stage?

Answer 11

-when infant responds to objects and people similarly
-0-6 weeks

Question 12

What is the indiscriminate stage?

Answer 12

-infant develops more responses to human company
-6wks - 6mths

Question 13

What is the specific stage?

Answer 13

-when infant begins to prefer one particular carer and seeks for security
-7mths +

Question 14

What is the multiple stage?

Answer 14

infant forms multiple attachments and seeks comfort in multiple people
-11mths +

Question 15

What evidence is there for the role of the father?

Answer 15

-Schaffer + Emerson - 75% infants formed secondary to father by 18 months
-father is important but unlikely to be the first person a child develops a bond to

Question 16

Further research into father being the primary carer?

Answer 16

-Tiffany - regardless of gender infants are more attentive towards those who spend more time with them

Question 17

What did Bowlby suggest about the influence of early attachment?

Answer 17

-will be continuity between your experiences as a baby/attachment types and your relationships in later life
-we build an IWM template for how we should behave

Question 18

How does parenting style influence attachment styles?

Answer 18

-determine various personality types
-more likely to raise kids the way we were raised
-our IWM was built using our parents style as a template
-tend to be passed throughout generations