International, Global, or Transnational? Flashcards
Dimensions of Globalization:
People:
Migration trends reflect global interconnectedness.
Capital:
Export patterns shift from rich-to-rich to non-rich/rich countries.
Politics:
Global impact of regional conflicts, like the Gaza-Israel conflict.
Culture:
Global markets for movies, e.g., “Pacific Rim” and “The Great Wall.”
Processes of Globalization Interdependence:
“Security and force matter less as countries are connected by multiple social and political relationships.”
Example: War in D.R.C. (1998-2003) tied to mobile phone production.
Processes of Globalization Time-Space Compression:
Relative distances between places contract due to technology, making them “closer.”
Examples: Instant messaging, texting.
Approaches to Globalization:
International Approach:
Division between domestic and international.
States are primary actors.
Globalist Approach:
Flattened world divisions.
Reduced relevance of states.
Transnational Critique:
Analytical problem: Relations between states and non-state actors.
Conceptual problem: An either/or conception of sovereignty.
Directions for a Transnational Approach:
The “Territorial Trap”:
Sovereignty is not absolute; effective territorial sovereignty is a myth.
Sovereign space is networked, operates through networks rather than unified territorial control.
Boundaries of the state don’t align with the boundaries of society.
Nationalism is historically determined.
Identities are multiple, and globalisation reinforces discrepancy.
Emphasis on hybridity rather than homogeneity.
Globalization Defined:
Movement of people, capital, politics, and culture creating interconnectedness.
Complex Processes:
De-territorialization, interdependence, and compression of time and space.
Debate on Nation-State:
Academic theories debate the persistence or disappearance of the nation-state.
Territorial Trap Premises:
Sovereignty is not absolute.
Sovereign spatiality is networked.
Identities are multiple and hybrid.
Reading Context:
Realism Dominance:
International relations dominated by realism.
Focus on states, security, and war, neglecting economic issues.
Research Questions:
Effect of Transnational Relations.
Implications for Theory.
Implications for Power Relations.
Implications for US Foreign Policy.
Challenges for International Organizations.
Transnational Interactions
Definition:
refer to the movement of items across state boundaries involving non-governmental actors.
Effects on Interstate Politics
Attitude Changes:
Face-to-face interactions influence attitudes.
International Pluralism:
Linking of interest groups.
Constraints on States:
Dependence and interdependence in transport and finance.
Government Influence:
Increased ability of governments to influence others through transnational corporations.
Autonomous Actors:
Private foreign policies of actors like the Roman Catholic Church and banks.
Transnational Relations and “Loss of Control”
State Power:
States remain powerful but face a “control gap,” an empirical question.
Transnational Relations and State-Centered Paradigm
Inadequacy of State-Centered Theories:
State-centered theories are inadequate for studying world politics.
Revised Definition of World Politics:
World politics defined as political interactions between significant actors in a world system, including autonomous individuals or organizations with substantial resources and political relationships across state lines.
