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Stuart Britain > Interregnum 1649-1659 > Flashcards

Interregnum 1649-1659 Flashcards

1
Q

What lead to the creation of the Rump Parliament?

A

Prides Purge in December 1648

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2
Q

What did the rump abolish in February 1649?

A

The House of Lords and the monarchy.

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3
Q

Why was the abolition of the monarchy and House of Lords significant?

A

For the first time parliament was solely responsible for governing the nation

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4
Q

What act was passed in January 1650 and what did it do?

A

The engagement act, all males had to declare an oath of loyalty to the commonwealth

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5
Q

What became illegal in July 1650?

A

To deny the authority of the regime

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6
Q

Why,how and when did Oliver Cromwell dissolve parliament?

A

✏️It was too conservative
✏️With musketeers
✏️April 1553

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7
Q

What evidence is shown of the conservation, during the regicide?

A

In the oath approving the regicide only 22 out of 44 refused to sign

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8
Q

Once the rump had been purged what notice was pinned to the doors?

A

“This house is to be let now unfurnished”

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9
Q

What is Lockyers view on the rump?

A

The traditional view that the rump was a self seeking,corrupt and conservative group that just wanted to hold on to power.

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10
Q

How does Barry Coward defend the rump?

A

He believes that the rump had too much to deal with, many internal and external distractions, which haltered change. Given more time change would have been made.

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11
Q

What are the names for the parliaments created on the 4th July 1653?

A

✏️The nominated assembly
✏️The parliament of saints
✏️The bare bones parliament

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12
Q

Who influenced the nominated assembly and what religion was he?

A

Thomas Harrison and he was a fifth monarchist

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13
Q

Why was the nominated assembly significant?

A

✏️It was the last attempt of the English commonwealth to find a stable political form before installing Cromwell as lord protector
✏️it was a In elected parliament
✏️it was made up of 139 MP’s who Cromwell dubbed trustworthy and godly.

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14
Q

Why was the nominated assembly, seen as more successful than the Rump.

A

It addressed the reforms that the rumps had avoided:
✏️poor relief
✏️religion
✏️ corruption

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15
Q

How was the nominated assembly seen as a failure and what events support this?

A

Rifts opens up between radicals and moderates and by 1653, moderates began boycotting the assembly.
Also the dissatisfaction of army leadership.

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16
Q

What wat did Cromwell enter between 1652-1654?

A

The first Anglo Dutch war.

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17
Q

Why was this a great tension between the Rump and the NMA?

A

The army saw the Dutch as a natural ally as they were Protestant and during the laudian reforms was a place of asylum for religious radicals.

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18
Q

Why had the Dutch lost their economic advantages in terms of the English?

A

The navigation act of 1651 which banned all vessels that weren’t English to import fish to England and its colonised lands.

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19
Q

What was the first English written constitution and when was it introduced?

A

The instrument of government in autumn of 1553

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20
Q

Who wrote the instrument of government?

A

John lambert

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21
Q

What did this constitution declare about cromwells lord protectorship?

A

✏️ that it was for life
✏️it was not hereditary
✏️he had to call parliament every three years this had to consist of 400mps 30 from Ireland and Scotland and consist for at least five months

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22
Q

When was the first protectorate parliament?

A

September 1654-January 1655

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23
Q

Which MPs questioned the legitimacy of Cromwell’s rule and the constitution?

A

Haselrig and Bradshaw

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24
Q

To appease these claims Cromwell allowed parliament to make changes to the constitution except for the the four fundamentals what where these?

A

✏️parliament should run by a single person and parliament
✏️parliament should not make themselves perpetual
✏️the must be toleration for Protestant sects
✏️control of the army must be shared between the lord protector and parliament

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25
Q

How many MPs refused to sign the oath of recognition and how where they punished?

A

80Mps and they where excluded form parliament

26
Q

What was introduced in December 1654 and what did it do?

A

The government bill and this mad changes to the constitution and example would be that Cromwell could choose his successor.

27
Q

What was the general feeling about the first protectorate parliament?

A

It was very hostile

28
Q

When was the western design?

A

1654

29
Q

What was the significance of the western design?

A

Cromwell believed that god was punishing him as it was a failure. He believes that god had withdrawn his support. He was a very heavy believer in providence.

30
Q

When and what was was the rule of the major generals?

A

✏️ august 1655

✏️it was a 15 month period of direct military government.

31
Q

Why was the rule of the major general introduced?

A

This was introduced, partly as Cromwell’s reaction to the failure of the western design, Charles Stuart’s threat and the failure of his first parliament.

32
Q

What was the main focus of the major generals?

A

Was the security of the regime but some thought that they enforced godliness through the closure of brothels, alehouses and gambling.

33
Q

What four thing contributed to the rule of the major generals?

A

✏️religious reformation- the major generals could be used to i force this.
✏️failure of the western design.
✏️finance- the militia would be funded by then new income tax the decimation tax.
✏️royalists- the threats and uprising e.g. Penruddocks rising in march 1655

34
Q

What was the decimation tax?

A

A new 10% income tax levied on royalists.

35
Q

How many regions where there and who where they answerable to?

A

The country was divided into 1- regions each one governed. Y a major general, who was answerable to the lord protector and the Lord protector alone.

36
Q

Why did the new model army oppose Cromwell taking the tittle of 👑?

A

They opposed as the chief political power. They objected for religious reasons. It was a political threat but also big c, saw TNMA as saints and going against them would be going against the judgement of god.

37
Q

What event is this 🐴🛀🏻✝️⛪️😡😤 and when was it?

A

James Naylor case in 1656.

38
Q

Why was the James naylor case so significant?

A

the punishment of naylor showed a) anti toleration, this is not what big c had promised and b) it showed the hatred parliament had from radical religious sects like Quakers and baptists.

39
Q

When was the second protectorate parliament?

A

1656 September

40
Q

Why was 100 mps excluded at the beginning of this parliament!

A

As Cromwell believed them to be in trustworthy

41
Q

Why did the had the parliament initially decided to compromise?

A

As many radicals had been expelled.

42
Q

What was the second constitution called?

A

The humble petition and advice

43
Q

How was the humble petition different from the instrument of government?

A

This came from an elected parliament and therefore aimed to legitimise the constitution.

44
Q

When was the humble petition drawn up?

A

1657

45
Q

Why did Cromwell decline the tittle of king?

A

✏️army opposed it and would have him removed

✏️he saw the army gods chosen and therefore going against him would be going against gods judgement.

46
Q

Why did he accept the humble petition and when?

A

Once kinship had been removed and in May 1667 accepted this constitution.

47
Q

At the end of his reign what was Oliver Cromwell described as?

A

A broken man

48
Q

When did his favourite daughter die?

A

Elizabeth dies in august 1658

49
Q

When does Cromwell die?

A

September 1658

50
Q

Who follows Cromwell Richard or lambert?

A

Richard Cromwell

51
Q

How does starkey describe the transition of power?

A

The power transitions smoothly to Richard

52
Q

When was the third protectorate parliament?

A

27th January to 22nd April 1659

53
Q

Why where the finances so dire for Richard?

A

As he has inherited £2,500,000 of debt from his father.

54
Q

Why did Richard call the third protectorate parliament

A

To raise money to try and decrease this large amount

55
Q

What did the MPs vote to re install?

A

An upper house like the House of Lords

56
Q

Why did republicans believe the Lord protectorship was moving towards the monarchical style?

A

As Richard had disbanded the army as it was a massive drain on finances and introduce religious toleration

57
Q

Who were the heads of the council of officers ?

A

Desborough and fleetwood

58
Q

What did the republicans demand for the return of in May 1659?

A

The rump

59
Q

Why was Richard removed?

A

He favoured civilians over the army?

60
Q

How does starkey describe Richard?

A

He lacked killer instinct 🗡🗡🗡

Stuart Britain (1 decks)

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