Intro Mod 1

Question 1

Define pathology

Answer 1

The investigation of structural alteration in cells, tissues and organs that can help identify the cause of a disease

Question 2

Define etiology

Answer 2

The study of the cause of a disease ex. infection, hereditary etc

Question 3

Define idiopathic

Answer 3

A disease that is from an unknown cause

Question 4

What is the 7 structural levels of organization?

Answer 4

Atom-> Molecule -> Cell-> Tissue-> Organ -> Organ system -> Organism

Question 5

Define pathophysiology

Answer 5

The underlying changes in body physiology that result from disease or injury

Question 6

Define nosocomial

Answer 6

A disease that is caused from being in a hospital environment

Question 7

Define diagnosis

Answer 7

Identification of disease

Question 8

Define prognosis

Answer 8

The expected outcome of a disease

Question 9

Define acute disease

Answer 9

Sudden appearance of signs and symptoms that only lasts for a bit

Question 10

Define chronic disease

Answer 10

Develops slowly, signs and symptoms last a long time, may have a pattern of remission and exacerbation

Question 11

Define remissions

Answer 11

A period where symptoms disappear or ease

Question 12

Define exacerbations

Answer 12

Periods when symptoms become more severe

Question 13

Define clinical manifestation

Answer 13

Signs, symptoms or evidence of disease

Question 14

Define stress

Answer 14

An actual or perceived threat that causes the body that it throws off homeostasis

Question 15

What 3 systems are involved in stress?

Answer 15

1. Nervous system (sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system)
2. Endocrine system (pituitary and adrenal gland)
3. The immune system

Question 16

What are 2 types of microorganisms and what are they?

Answer 16

1. Non pathogens (flora): found on the body and prevent harmful microorganisms from invading
2. Pathogens (bacteria): various microorganisms that cause disease or illness

Question 17

What is the chain of infection (6)?

Answer 17

1. Infectious agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of exit
4. Transmission
5. Portal of entry
6. Host

Question 18

What is the infectious process (3)?

Answer 18

1. Incubation period: organism present no symptoms
2. Prodromal period: symptoms appear
3. Acute period: fully developed infection

Question 19

What is the first second and third line of defense?

Answer 19

1. Skin and mucous membranes
2. Inflammatory response
3. Lymphocytes

Question 20

Define macrophages

Answer 20

Eat foreign objects

Let T lymphocytes know if a specific antigen is present

Question 21

Define Helper T cells

Answer 21

Produce chemicals that promote large numbers of effector and memory cells

Question 22

Define Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 22

Eliminate infected body cells and tumor cells

Question 23

Define B cells

Answer 23

Produce antibodies