Intro to behavioural science Flashcards
what is behavioural science?
umbrella term that covers disciplines that deal with human actions including psychology, sociology etc
what is behavioural medicine about?
concerned with the integration of knowledge in the biological, behavioural, psychological, and social sciences relevant to health and illness
what is health psychology?
study of psychological and behavioural processes in health, illness, and healthcare
what is the biomedical model?
model of illness that includes only biological factors in an attempt to understand a person medical illlness or disease
e.g. age, comorbidity, genetics, sex & gender
what is the criticism of biomedical model?
model excludes environmental, social & psychological factors
does not consider prevention & health promotion
what are some psychology & health factors?
- personality
- attitudes/beliefs
- coping styles
- trauma
what are some social determinant of health?
- socioeconomic status
- employment
- social support
what are health inequalities?
the unjust and avoidable differences in people’s health across the population & between specific population groups (deprived areas etc)
what are all the behavior change theories i should know?
- social cognitive theory
- dual processing theories of behaviour
- transtheoretical model ( stages of change)
- COM-B model
what are the 3 key constructs in social cognitive theory?
- self efficacy (self confidence in performing a particular behaviour e.g. exercising)
- outcome expectancies (consequences anticipated from behaviour e.g. improve fitness from exercise)
- barriers ( environmental, emotional, self control etc e.g. having resources and feeling supported)
what are the 2 positives and 2 negatives for social cognitive theory?
(+) brings self efficacy to forefront
(+) integrates role of environment
(-) Lack of consistency in the implementation of the theory – difficult to pool the evidence.
(-) Measures of self-efficacy have been argued to overlap with or even reflect motivation rather than an individuals perceived capability.
what is the dual processing theory?
recognise the impact of non-conscious, implicit factors on health behaviour
- assumes behaviour is controlled by 2 processes: automatic/impulsive & deliberate/reflective
what is the transtheoretical/stage of change model?
proposes that health behaviour change involves progress through 6 stages of change:
- precontemplation (no intention of change)
- contemplation (aware a problem exists)
- preparation (intent upon taking action)
- action (active modification of behaviour)
- maintenance (sustained change - new behaviour)
- relapse/ set back
what is negative of stage of change model?
criticism is that such a distinct stages can not capture the complexity of human behaviour
what is COM-B model?
The COM-B model proposes that there are three components to behaviour (B):
Capability (C):psychological and physical capability for the behaviour (know what to do)
Opportunity (O):social and physical opportunity for the behaviour (family & friends support, live close to healthy supermarket)
Motivation (M):want or need to carry out the behaviour.
