intro to organic chem

Question 1

what is the general formula of alkanes?

Answer 1

CnH2n+2

Question 2

what is the gen formula of alkenes and alcohols?

Answer 2

alkenes= CnH2n
alcohols= CnH2n+1OH

Question 3

what is a homologous series?

Answer 3

a family of compounds that have the same FG and general formula

Question 4

what is the molecular formula?

Answer 4

actual no. of atoms in a molecule or element

Question 5

what is the empirical formula?

Answer 5

simple whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

Question 6

what is the structural formula?

Answer 6

arrangement of atoms wihtout showing all the bonds

Question 7

what is the skeletal formula?

Answer 7

shows bonds of carbon skeleton

Question 8

what is a structural isomer?

Answer 8

same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 9

what are the three types of structural formula?

Answer 9

• chain
  -position
  -FG

Question 10

what is a chain isomer?

Answer 10

same molecular formula but with different arrangments of the carbon skeleton

Question 11

what is a positional isomer?

Answer 11

same molecular formula but different position of the functional group in the carbon skeleton

Question 12

what is a FG isomer?

Answer 12

same molecular formula but different FG

Question 13

what are stereoisomers?

Answer 13

same structural formula but idfferent arrangments of atoms in space

Question 14

what are the 2 types of stereoisomers?

Answer 14

• E/Z
  -optical

Question 15

why do E/Z isomers occur?

Answer 15

occur because there is restricted rotation around the double bond

Question 16

when does E/Z isomerism occur?

Answer 16

when there are 2 different atoms or group of atoms on the same carbon

Question 17

when there is different groups on the carbons how do you decide whether it is an E or Z isomer

Answer 17

work out which atom/groups of atoms on each side (vertical symmetry) has the highest atomic number, the highest is the highest priority

Question 18

what do you do if there is the same atom bonded to the carbon in the double bond to work out whether it is an E or a Z isomer?

Answer 18

calculate the atomic number of atoms furhter down the chain e.g ethyl group would be the next carbon down the chain