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Anatomy > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Morphology

A

The science of form

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the body function

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3
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

The study of body structure that can be observed by the naked eye

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4
Q

dissection

A

a practice in which connective tissue is removed between organs so that the organs can e seen more clearly

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5
Q

regional anatomy

A

all structures in a single body region being studied

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6
Q

systemic anatomy

A

all organs in a particular organ system are being studied

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7
Q

surface anatomy

A

the study of the shapes and markings (called landmarks) on the surface of the body that reveal underlying organs

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8
Q

Microscopic Anatomy/Histology

A

tissue study, studies that can only be made under a microscope

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9
Q

developmental anatomy

A

traces the changes that occur in a body throughout the span of life and effects on organs

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10
Q

Embryology

A

the study of how body structures for before birth

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11
Q

Pathological Anatomy

A

study of structure and change in cells, tissues and organs caused by disease

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12
Q

radiographic anatomy

A

the study of internal body structures by means of X-ray and other imaging techniques

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13
Q

functional morphology

A

explores the functional properties of body structures and assesses the efficiency of their design

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14
Q

what is the hierarchy of structural organization from micro to macro?

A

Chemical Level

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15
Q

chemical level

A

atoms function as the building blocks of molecules and macromolecules

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16
Q

what are the four classes of macromolecules and their associations?

What do macromolecules have to do with the cellular level?

A

carbohydrates (sugar), lipids (fats), proteins, nucleic acids (DNA/RNA).

macromolecule are the building blocks for the cellular level

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17
Q

what is at the cellular level?

A

cells and their functional subunits called cellular organelles

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18
Q

what happens at the tissue level?

A

a tissue is a group of cells that work together to performa comon function

19
Q

what are the four type of tissues?

A

epithelial tissue (epithelium), connective tisue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

20
Q

what happens at the organ level?

A

extremely complex physiological processes

21
Q

what is an organ system?

A

organ systems are made of organs that work together to achieve a common purpose

22
Q

what is the result of all systems of the hierarchy of structural organization working together to sustain life?

A

the organismal level

23
Q

what is the anatomical position?

A

the common visual refrence point
person stands erect with flat feet, toes pointing forward and eyes facing forward, palms face anteriorly with thumbs pointed away from body
right and left belong to the person/cadaver being viewed

24
Q

what are the two regional terms in anatomical positioning?

their meaning?

A

axial and appendicular.

axial includes the trunk, head and neck
appendicular (like appendage) includes all limbs

25
Q

what are the eight directions of anatomical positioning?

A

superior/inferior: toward head/toward lower stucture
anterior (ventral)/ posterior (dorsal): toward front/toward back
medial/lateral: toward or at midline/away from midline
superficial/deep

26
Q

what are the four planes of the body when considering anatomical positioning? what do the delineate?

A

frontal (coronal) plane extends vertically and divides anterior and posterior
transvere (horizontal) plane horizontally from right to left, dividing into superior and inferior parts
also called cross section
sagittal planes vertical like frontal planes, divide body into right and left parts
median plane/midsagittal planeexactly in the midline
parasagittal planeoffset from midline (para- near)
oblique sections lie diagonally between horizontal and vertical (seldom used)

27
Q

what are the six parts of the human body plan?

A 
tube within a tube body plan
bilateral symmetry
dorsal hollow nerve cord
notochord and vertebrae
segmentation
pharyngeal pouches
28
Q

What is the dorsal cavity comprised of?

A

the cranial and vertebral cavities, containing the skull, brain and vertebrae

29
Q

what is the ventral cavity comprised of?

A

Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

30
Q

where is the thoracic cavity located and what are the names of it’s divisions?

A

surrounded by the ribs and muscles of the chest wall; 1)two lateral parts containing lungs surrounded by pleural cavity 2)the mediastinum a central band of organs 3) the heart surrounded by the pericardial cavity

31
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity?

A

the space in which the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity are surrounded by

32
Q

what are the names of the three serous cavities in the body and their corresponding membranic names?

A

pleural-pleura, peritoneal - peritoneum, pericardial-pericardium

33
Q

what are the parts of the serosae? what are the differences?

A

parietal serosapart that forms the outer wall which is continuous with the inner visceral serosathat covers the visceral organs
contain a thin layer of serous fluid(serous - watery)

34
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of the human body

Also called Morphology

35
Q

anterior surface

A

the front surface of the body in the anatomical position, also called the ventral position

36
Q

posterior surface

A

the back side of the body in the anatomical position. also called the dorsum or dorsal surface

37
Q

palmar surface

A

the palm of the hand also called the volar surface, the back of the hand is the dorsal surface

38
Q

plantar surface

A

the sole of the foot, the top of the foot is called the dorsum

39
Q

external surface

A

the outer surface of a structure

40
Q

internal surface

A

the inner surface of a structure

41
Q

Median (midsagittal) plane

A

runs through the body from head to toe, divides the body into right and left halves, there is only one median plane.

Midline: an imaginary line created by the junction of the median plane with the ventral and dorsal surfaces.

42
Q

Sagittal (parasagittal) planes

A

Planes parallel to the median plane, divide the body into unequal right and left parts. in theory there are an unlimited number of sagittal planes

43
Q

Frontal (coronal) planes

A

Run through the body from head to toe at right angles to the medial plane. Divide the body into front and back parts. in theory there are an unlimited number of possible frontal planes.

44
Q

Horizontal (transverse) planes

A

Run through the body parallel to the ground, at right angles to the median sagittal and frontal planes. divides the body into superior and inferior/ upper lower parts.

Anatomy (5 decks)

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