Introduction

Question 1

Stability of our microbiome is?

Answer 1

High species:
- Is higher when the number of microbial species is high

Increased:
- Is increased by synergisms and antagonisms within the microbial community

Health:
- Is associated with health

Question 2

The total number of bacteria harbored by a human individual is?

Answer 2

• 10 times higher than the number of human cells

Question 3

Which substances are SCFAs produced by the HGM?

Answer 3

• Butyric acid
• Propionic acid
• Acetic acid
• Acetate
• Formiate
• Butyrate

Question 4

Which vitamins are mainly produced by the HGM?

Answer 4

• Folate
• B2
• B6
• B12
• Vitamin K

Question 5

Which two phyla are most abundant in the gut?

Answer 5

• Firmicutes

- Bacteroidetes

Question 6

What is the function of HGM-produced SCFAs?

Answer 6

• Energy source for human host
• Regulation of host cell proliferation and differentiation
• Building block for lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis

Question 7

HGM and bile acids.
Which sentence(s) is/are correct?

• HGM promotes the deconjugatino, dehydrogenation, and dehydroxylation of primary bile acids
• Bile acids can signal through G protein coupled receptors
• deoxycholic acid is primary bile acid
• Bile acids facilitate absorption of triglycerides, cholesterol, and lipid-soluble vitamins

Answer 7

• Bile acids facilitate absorption of triglycerides, cholesterol and lipid-soluble vitamins
• HGM promotes the beconjugation, dehydrogenation, and dehydroxylation of primary bile acids
• Bile acids can signal through G protein coupled receptors

Question 8

Which carbohydrates are indigestible for humans but can be degraded by the HGM?

Answer 8

• Xylan
• Insulin
• Cellulose
• Pectin

Question 9

Which statement regarding the relation of HGM to obesity are correct?

• The HGM is in average less diverse in obese people compared to lean people
• A dominance of species belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes cause obesity
• A shift in the ratio between the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes can be observed in lean and obese individuals

Answer 9

• A dominance of species belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes cause obesity
• A shift in the ratio between the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes can be observed in lean and obese individuals

Question 10

Choline and HGM.
Which sentence is correct?

• Trimethylamine-N-oxide is correlated with atherosclerosis
• Choline is a bile acid
• The HGM is involved in the conversion of choline intro trimethylamine

Answer 10

• Trimethylamine-N-oxide is correlated with atherosclerosis

- The HGM is involved in the conversion of choline into trimethylamine

Question 11

The microbiota that colonies newborns is mainly acquired from?

Answer 11

The mother