Introduction of Terms

Question 1

Structural Kinesiology

Answer 1

study of muscles as they are involved in the science of movement

Question 2

Anatomical Position

Answer 2

• standing upright
• arms at sides
• head facing forward
• feet facing forward
• palms facing forwards

Question 3

Anterior vs. Posterior

Answer 3

anterior: front
posterior: back

Question 4

Medial vs. Lateral

Answer 4

medial: towards the midline
lateral: away from the midline

Question 5

Proximal vs. Distal

Answer 5

proximal: nearest to the trunk/origin
distal: furthest from the trunk/origin

Question 6

Superior vs. Inferior

Answer 6

superior: above
inferior: below

Question 7

Dorsal vs. Ventral

Answer 7

dorsal: back
ventral: front (belly or abdomen)

Question 8

Plantar vs. Palmar vs. Volar

Answer 8

plantar: sole of the foot
palmar: palm of the hand
volar: palm of hand or sole of foot

Question 9

Superficial vs. Deep

Answer 9

superficial: towards the surface
deep: further in/more internal

Question 10

Ipsilateral vs. Contralateral vs. Bilateral

Answer 10

ipsilateral: same side
contralateral: opposite side
bilateral: both sides

Question 11

Origin vs. Insertion

Answer 11

origin: more proximal or towards the midline & least moveable attachment of the muscle
insertion: most moveable attachment of the muscle

Question 12

Agonist vs. Antagonist

Answer 12

agonist: prime mover
antagonist: action counteracts the agonist movement

Question 13

Neutralizer

Answer 13

opposes unwanted joint motion

Question 14

Stabilizer

Answer 14

stabilizes one joint so the desired motion of another joint is perfected

Question 15

Synergist

Answer 15

assists the movement of the agonist

Question 16

Range of Motion (ROM)

Answer 16

the angular distance a joint can rotate

Question 17

Active ROM

Answer 17

motion that occurs at the joint when we activate our muscles (resisted ROM)

Question 18

Passive ROM

Answer 18

motion that occurs when no muscle contraction is engaged (typically more ROM)

Question 19

Motion occurs ___ a plane and _____ an axis

Answer 19

in; about

Question 20

Cardinal Planes of Motion

Answer 20

sagittal, frontal, and transverse

Question 21

Sagittal Plane

Answer 21

vertical plane that divides the body into medial and lateral parts (R & L)

Question 22

Frontal Plane

Answer 22

vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts (front & back)

Question 23

Transverse Plane

Answer 23

horizontal plane that divides the body into inferior and superior parts (top & bottom)

Question 24

Movement can’t _____ a plane

Answer 24

cross

Question 25

Center of Mass

Answer 25

the point at which all three cardinal planes intersect (biomechanical: point about which all mass acts)

Question 26

Cardinal Axes of Rotation

Answer 26

anteroposterior, horizontal, & longitudinal

Question 27

Anteroposterior (AP) Axis

Answer 27

axis that moves from anterior to posterior & is the axis about which motion occurs in the frontal plane

Question 28

Horizontal Axis

Answer 28

axis that moves from one side to the other & is the axis about which motion occurs in the sagittal plane

Question 29

Longitudinal Axis

Answer 29

axis of rotation that moves from top to bottom & is the axis about which motion occurs in the transverse plane

Question 30

Rotation about an axis occurs in a ___________ plane

Answer 30

perpendicular