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AWS Cloud Practitioner Learning Plan > Introduction to Amazon Web Services and EC2 > Flashcards

Introduction to Amazon Web Services and EC2 Flashcards

1
Q

Client-Server Model

A

Clients request, servers respond.

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2
Q

AWS EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)

A

Virtual servers in cloud

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3
Q

Cloud Computing

A

Internet-based IT resources

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4
Q

Undifferentiated Heavy Lifting

A

Common, time-consuming IT tasks

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5
Q

Cloud Computing Deployment Models

A

Cloud-based, on-premises, hybrid

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6
Q

Cloud-Based Deployment Model

A

Run in the cloud

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7
Q

On-Premises Deployment Model

A

Resources on-site

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8
Q

Hybrid Deployment Model

A

Mix of cloud and on-premises

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9
Q

Benefits of Cloud Computing:
Trade Upfront Expense for Variable Expense

A

Companies pay for usage

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10
Q

Benefits of Cloud Computing: Stop Spending Money to Run Data Centers

A

Focus on applications and customers

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11
Q

Benefits of Cloud Computing: Stop Guessing Capacity

A

Scale based on demand

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12
Q

Benefits of Cloud Computing: Benefit from Massive Economies of Scale

A

Lower costs due to usage aggregation

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13
Q

Benefits of Cloud Computing: Increase Speed and Agility

A

Quick development and deployment

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14
Q

Benefits of Cloud Computing: Go Global in Minutes

A

Efficient global deployment

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15
Q

AWS Lambda

A

Serverless computing service

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16
Q

EC2 Benefits

A

Flexible, cost-effective, quick provisioning

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17
Q

EC2 Benefits: Multitenancy

A

Sharing resources securely

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18
Q

EC2 Benefits: Resizable Instances

A

Capability: Vertically scale as needed

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19
Q

EC2 Benefits: Networking Control

A

User-controlled networking

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20
Q

EC2 Benefits: Ease of Getting Started

A

Advantage: AWS handles setup complexities

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21
Q

EC2 Benefits: Flexible Scaling

A

Feature: Easily resize instances

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22
Q

EC2 Benefits: Operating System Options

A

Choice: Windows or Linux

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23
Q

EC2 Benefits: Innovation and Ease

A

Impact: AWS simplifies server acquisition.

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24
Q

Amazon EC2 Definition

A

Description: Resizable compute capacity in the cloud.

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25
Q

On-Premises Challenges

A

Challenges: Upfront spending, server delivery, physical setup

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26
Q

Instance Lifecycle

A

Lifecycle: Launch, use, stop when needed, pay for active time.

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27
Q

Cost Savings

A

Savings: Pay only for required server capacity.

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28
Q

EC2 Analogy

A

Analogy: EC2 instances like coffee shop employees.

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29
Q

EC2 Analogy: Efficiency Importance

A

Importance: Match employee skillsets to roles for efficiency.

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30
Q

EC2 Analogy: AWS Environment Deployment

A

Deployment: Spin up different EC2 instance types in AWS

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31
Q

Instance Families

A

Families: General purpose, compute optimized, memory optimized, accelerated computing, storage optimized.

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32
Q

General Purpose Instances

A

Use Cases: Web service, code repositories. Balances compute, memory, and networking resources

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33
Q

Compute Optimized Instances

A

Use Cases: Gaming servers, HPC, scientific modeling

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34
Q

Memory Optimized Instances

A

Use Cases: Memory-intensive tasks.

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35
Q

Accelerated Computing Instances

A

Use Cases: Floating point calculations, graphics processing

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36
Q

Storage Optimized Instances

A

Use Cases: High-performance local data workloads.

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37
Q

What is the purpose of general-purpose instances in AWS?

A

Versatile Workload Support

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38
Q

List examples of workloads suitable for general-purpose instances.

A

App servers, Gaming servers, Databases

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39
Q

When to choose a general-purpose instance for an application?

A

Balanced Resource Needs

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40
Q

What is the key feature of compute-optimized instances in AWS?

A

High-performance processors

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41
Q

Name suitable workloads for compute-optimized instances.

A

Web servers, App servers, Gaming servers, Batch processing

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42
Q

What is the primary focus of memory-optimized instances in AWS?

A

Fast performance for large datasets

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43
Q

Describe the role of memory in computing.

A

Temporary storage for CPU instructions

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44
Q

When to consider using memory-optimized instances?

A

High-memory needs, real-time processing

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45
Q

What is the key feature of accelerated computing instances in AWS?

A

Hardware accelerators or coprocessors

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46
Q

Name functions performed more efficiently by hardware accelerators.

A

Floating-point calculations, Graphics processing, Data pattern matching

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47
Q

Provide examples of workloads suitable for accelerated computing instances.

A

Graphics applications, Game streaming, Application streaming

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48
Q

What workloads are suitable for storage-optimized instances in AWS?

A

Distributed file systems, Data warehousing, OLTP systems

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49
Q

Define IOPS in computing.

A

Input/Output Operations Per Second

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50
Q

Why choose storage-optimized instances for applications with high IOPS requirements?

A

Better performance for I/O-intensive tasks

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51
Q

Which Amazon EC2 instance type is suitable for data warehousing applications?

A

Storage Optimised

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52
Q

Which Amazon EC2 instance type balances compute, memory, and networking resources?

A

General Purpose

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53
Q

Which Amazon EC2 instance type is ideal for high-performance databases?

A

Memory optimized

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54
Q

Which Amazon EC2 instance type offers high-performance processors?

A

Compute optimized

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55
Q

What is the pricing model for EC2 with no long-term commitments?

A

On-Demand

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56
Q

How much savings can you get with Savings Plan?

A

Up to 72%

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57
Q

What discount do Reserved Instances offer versus On-Demand pricing?

A

Up to 75%

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58
Q

What is the main advantage of Spot Instances pricing?

A

Up to 90% off

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59
Q

When might Spot Instances be suitable?

A

Batch workloads

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60
Q

What is the purpose of Dedicated Hosts?

A

Meeting compliance requirements

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61
Q

Describe the billing flexibility of On-Demand pricing.

A

Per hour or per second

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62
Q

What does Savings Plan require a commitment to?

A

Consistent usage in dollars

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63
Q

How much can Spot Instances be discounted?

A

Up to 90%

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64
Q

What is the main consideration when using Spot Instances?

A

Tolerance to interruptions

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65
Q

What type of workloads are Dedicated Hosts suitable for?

A

Meeting compliance requirements

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66
Q

How is On-Demand pricing suitable for getting started with AWS?

A

No prior contracts needed

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67
Q

What is the key advantage of Reserved Instances for predictable workloads?

A

Up to 75% discount

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68
Q

What is the primary use case for Spot Instances?

A

Batch workloads

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69
Q

What commitment is required for Savings Plan?

A

One or three years

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70
Q

When can AWS reclaim Spot Instances?

A

At any time (two-minute warning)

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71
Q

What are the the types of billing options for EC2?

A

On demand, savings plan, reserved instances, spot instances, dedicated hosts

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72
Q

What does Reserved Instances offer for payment options?

A

All upfront, partial upfront, no upfront

73
Q

Which pricing option is ideal for testing workloads and playing around initially?

A

On-Demand

74
Q

What does Dedicated Hosts offer in terms of tenancy?

A

Single tenancy

75
Q

What workloads are On-Demand Instances ideal for?

A

Short-term, irregular

76
Q

What are the two types of Reserved Instances?

A

Standard, Convertible

77
Q

When do you realize greater cost savings with Reserved Instances?

A

3-year option

78
Q

What qualifications do Standard Reserved Instances require?

A

Instance type, Platform, Tenancy

79
Q

When is Convertible Reserved Instances a good choice?

A

Need flexibility (AZs, instance types)

80
Q

What benefit does specifying an Availability Zone for Reserved Instances provide?

A

EC2 capacity reservation

81
Q

What happens at the end of a Reserved Instance term?

A

Charged On-Demand rates until termination or new Reserved Instance purchase

82
Q

In which situations is Standard Reserved Instances a good fit?

A

Steady-state applications, known instance details

83
Q

What do Convertible Reserved Instances trade for flexibility?

A

Deeper discount

84
Q

What do EC2 Instance Savings Plans require for cost reduction?

A

Hourly spend commitment

85
Q

What is the potential savings with EC2 Instance Savings Plans compared to On-Demand rates?

A

Up to 72%

86
Q

What flexibility does EC2 Instance Savings Plans offer for EC2 usage?

A

Any instance within the family, chosen Region

87
Q

How do EC2 Instance Savings Plans differ from Reserved Instances regarding upfront specifications?

A

No upfront specification needed

88
Q

When are Spot Instances ideal?

A

Flexible start and end times

89
Q

What cost savings can Spot Instances offer compared to On-Demand prices?

A

Up to 90%

90
Q

How does Spot Instances use Amazon EC2 computing capacity?

A

Unused capacity

91
Q

What might happen if capacity is unavailable when making a Spot request?

A

Request is not successful until capacity is available

92
Q

When might a Spot Instance be interrupted after launch?

A

Unavailable capacity, increased demand

93
Q

What is important to consider when using Spot Instances for developing and testing applications?

A

Potential unexpected interruptions

94
Q

What is unique about Dedicated Hosts in relation to EC2 instances?

A

Fully dedicated physical servers

95
Q

How can you use existing software licenses with Dedicated Hosts?

A

Per-socket, per-core, per-VM

96
Q

What types of Dedicated Hosts can you purchase?

A

On-Demand, Dedicated Hosts Reservations

97
Q

Among the covered EC2 options, which is the most expensive?

A

Dedicated Hosts

98
Q

What is the on-premises data center dilemma regarding hardware purchases?

A

Balancing average and peak loads

99
Q

How does AWS address the on-premises data center dilemma?

A

Provisioning workload exactly to demand

100
Q

What quote by Werner Vogels emphasizes the importance of planning for failure?

A

“Everything fails all the time, so plan for failure and nothing fails.”

101
Q

How does AWS ensure service continuity in case of instance failure?

A

Create redundant instances programmatically

102
Q

What does the scenario of handling a rush of customers demonstrate?

A

Scalability and elasticity in AWS

103
Q

What is the benefit of scalability in AWS?

A

Pay for only the resources used

104
Q

Which AWS service enables automatic scaling for Amazon EC2 instances?

A

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling

105
Q

How does Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling handle changing application demand?

A

Automatically adds or removes instances

106
Q

What are the two approaches within Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling?

A

Dynamic scaling, Predictive scaling

107
Q

Describe dynamic scaling in Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling.

A

Responds to changing demand

108
Q

What is the purpose of predictive scaling in Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling?

A

Automatically schedules instances based on predicted demand

109
Q

How can you achieve faster scaling in Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling?

A

Use dynamic scaling and predictive scaling together

110
Q

What does scaling up involve?

A

Adding more power to existing machines

111
Q

Why might scaling up not be effective in handling increased demand for order processing?

A

Bigger instance doesn’t process orders faster

112
Q

What does scaling out involve?

A

Adding more instances to the system

113
Q

Why might there be more order-taking instances than order-making instances?

A

Amount of work can exceed orders received

114
Q

What is the advantage of decoupling the system in terms of resource allocation?

A

Allows the right amount of power for each part of the process

115
Q

How does Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling contribute to efficient resource management?

A

Adds instances based on demand and decommissions when not needed

116
Q

How does Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling provide flexibility in scaling?

A

Adds and terminates instances programmatically

117
Q

What is the purpose of setting the minimum capacity in an Auto Scaling group?

A

Ensures at least one instance is always running

118
Q

What does the desired capacity configuration represent in an Auto Scaling group?

A

Number of instances needed, defaults to minimum

119
Q

What is the maximum capacity configuration in an Auto Scaling group?

A

Maximum number of instances during scaling

120
Q

How does Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling contribute to cost-effectiveness?

A

Pays for instances only when in use, based on demand

121
Q

What problem does load balancing aim to solve?

A

Uneven distribution of workload

122
Q

What is a load balancer’s function?

A

Routes requests to instances

123
Q

What is Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) designed to handle?

A

Undifferentiated heavy lifting

124
Q

Why is ELB automatically highly available?

A

Regional construct at Region level

125
Q

How does ELB handle auto-scaling of EC2 instances?

A

Adapts to increased traffic

126
Q

How does ELB contribute to efficient back-end communication?

A

Directs traffic to least-loaded back end

127
Q

What is the advantage of using ELB for back-end communication in a decoupled architecture?

A

Front end doesn’t need details

128
Q

What is the regional scope of Elastic Load Balancing (ELB)?

A

Regional construct

129
Q

How does ELB handle scaling in for EC2 instances?

A

Stops new traffic, drains requests

130
Q

What is the key value of ELB running at the Region level?

A

Automatically highly available

131
Q

What does ELB do when the EC2 fleet scales out?

A

Handles increased throughput

132
Q

How does ELB contribute to efficient communication between front-end and back-end instances?

A

Single URL for front-end instances

133
Q

What is a key benefit of ELB in a decoupled architecture?

A

Front end doesn’t need details

134
Q

What is the primary function of Elastic Load Balancing?

A

Distributes incoming application traffic

135
Q

How does a load balancer act in an Auto Scaling group?

A

Single point of contact for web traffic

136
Q

What is the advantage of using Elastic Load Balancing with multiple EC2 instances?

A

Distributes workload to prevent overload

137
Q

How do Elastic Load Balancing and Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling work together?

A

Ensure high performance and availability

138
Q

What is the analogy used to explain Elastic Load Balancing in a low-demand period?

A

Few registers matching customer demand

139
Q

How does Elastic Load Balancing respond to increased demand in the analogy?

A

Opens more registers to accommodate

140
Q

What is the role of the coffee shop employee in the analogy?

A

Load balancer directing customers to registers

141
Q

What is the process of placing messages into a buffer called?

A

Messaging and queuing

142
Q

What is a hallmark trait of a tightly coupled architecture?

A

Cascading failures

143
Q

What does a buffer between components achieve in a loosely coupled architecture?

A

Isolates failures, prevents cascading issues

144
Q

What AWS service allows you to send, store, and receive messages between software components?

A

Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS)

145
Q

How does Amazon SNS send messages to subscribers?

A

Publish/subscribe (pub/sub) model

146
Q

In the context of Amazon SNS, what is a channel for messages to be delivered called?

A

SNS topic

147
Q

In monolithic applications, what happens if a single component fails?

A

Other components and possibly the entire application fail.

148
Q

How does a microservices approach prevent the entire application from failing when a single component fails?

A

Loose coupling between components.

149
Q

What type of service is Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS)?

A

Publish/subscribe service.

150
Q

In Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS), how are messages published to subscribers grouped?

A

Topics

151
Q

How does Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) allow subscribers to receive updates about specific topics?

A

Subscribers can subscribe to individual topics of interest.

152
Q

How does Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) facilitate the ordering process in the coffee shop?

A

Orders go to a queue.

153
Q

What is AWS Lambda?

A

Serverless compute option.

154
Q

What are AWS container services?

A

ECS and EKS.

155
Q

What is AWS Fargate?

A

Serverless for ECS/EKS.

156
Q

When to use AWS Lambda?

A

Short running functions.

157
Q

How do containers run on AWS?

A

On EC2 instances.

158
Q

What is AWS Fargate used for?

A

Serverless container platform

159
Q

What does “serverless” mean?

A

Code runs without server management.

160
Q

Key benefits of serverless computing?

A

Focus on innovation, automatic scalability.

161
Q

What is AWS Lambda used for?

A

Serverless computing service.

162
Q

When do you pay for AWS Lambda?

A

Only when code is running.

163
Q

Provide an example use case for AWS Lambda.

A

Automatically resizing uploaded images.

164
Q

What do containers provide for applications?

A

Standard packaging for code and dependencies.

165
Q

Why might a developer use a containerized approach?

A

Consistent environment across deployments.

166
Q

Why is scalability important for containerized applications?

A

Manage large numbers of containers efficiently.

167
Q

What is Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS)?

A

Highly scalable container management on AWS.

168
Q

What container platform does Amazon ECS support?

A

Docker

169
Q

What is Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS)?

A

Fully managed service for running Kubernetes on AWS.

170
Q

How do EC2 instances scale vertically?

A

Resize instance.

171
Q

How do EC2 instances scale horizontally?

A

Launch new instances.

172
Q

What is Elastic Load Balancer for?

A

Distribute incoming traffic.

173
Q

Name EC2 instance pricing models.

A

On-Demand, Spot, Savings Plans/Reserved Instances.

174
Q

What does Amazon SQS do?

A

Decouples system components.

175
Q

What does Amazon SNS do?

A

Sends messages, notifications.

176
Q

What are Amazon ECS and EKS?

A

Container orchestration tools.

177
Q

What is AWS Lambda for?

A

Run code based on triggers.

178
Q

What is AWS Fargate?

A

Serverless compute for containers.

179
Q

You want to use an Amazon EC2 instance for a batch processing workload. What would be the best Amazon EC2 instance type to use?

A

Compute optimized

AWS Cloud Practitioner Learning Plan (3 decks)

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