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ANSC 355 > Introduction to sheep and goats > Flashcards

Introduction to sheep and goats Flashcards

1
Q

ram lamb

A

male under one year

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2
Q

ewe lamb

A

female before first lambing (under one year)

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3
Q

hogget

A

same as a ewe lamb used in NZ and UK

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4
Q

lamb

A

sheep offspring

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5
Q

herd or trip

A

group of goats

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6
Q

buck

A

intact adult male goat

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7
Q

buckling

A

young male goat less then a year of age

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8
Q

doe

A

adult female goat

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9
Q

doeling

A

young female goat, less than a year

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10
Q

kid

A

young goat, less than one year of age

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11
Q

domestic sheep chromosome number

A

54

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12
Q

domestic goat chromosome number

A

60

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13
Q

domestic sheep gestation length

A

147

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14
Q

domestic goat gestation length

A

150

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15
Q

domestic sheep birth weight

A

2.5-6kg

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16
Q

domestic goat birth weight

A

2.7-4kg

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17
Q

domestic sheep wean age

A

42-120 days

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18
Q

domestic goat wean age

A

90-120 days

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19
Q

domestic sheep wean weight

A

15-30kg

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20
Q

domestic goat wean weight

A

16-27kg

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21
Q

phenotypic differences between goats and sheep

A

-most sheep are polled, most goats are horned
-sheep horns grow out the side of head and coil, goats horns grow close, upwards and backwards
-sheep are born with long tails, goats short upwards tails
-sheep male dont have beards, goats do
-sheep are stockier, goats have narrow faces
-wool, hair

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22
Q

horn in goats

A

-most goats are horned
-common to de horn goats
-disbudding in young goats in best
-horns protect skull when butting
-heat regulators

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23
Q

polled in goats

A

-wild type (horned) is linked to normal sexual development
-polled in dominant mutation
-polled intersex syndrome- PP is associated with fertility problems in genetically female (XX) goats neither completely female or male
-PP is also causes fertility problems in male (XY) goats
-avoid homozygous(PP)polled-breed only polled to horned

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24
Q

sheep and goat eyes

A

-elongated pupil
-allows 330 deg vision

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25
Q

dentition of sheep and goats

A

-sheep and goats are the same
-no teeth in the front part of upper jaw-hard dental pad
-the 8 front bottom teeth used for aging
-24 molars behind are divided 6 on top and 6 on bottom on each side
-go from 8 milk teeth to 2 central incisors, 2 middle incisors, 2 lateral incisors, 2 corner incisors

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26
Q

sheep and goat hooves

A

-split hoof
-two toes
-two dew claws
-tough sole
-hard nail covering

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27
Q

goat hooves and climbing

A

-goat toes clamp together to grab rock
-toes can spread apart to steady the goat

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28
Q

ovis musimom

A

-other sheep specie
-muflon

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29
Q

ovis canadensis

A

-other sheep specie
-big horned sheep

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30
Q

ovis dalli

A

-other sheep species
-dall sheep

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31
Q

sheep genus and species

A

ovis and aries

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32
Q

goat genus, species and subspecies

A

capra, aegagrus, hircus

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33
Q

capra hircus

A

-other goat species
-bezoar

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34
Q

carpra caucasica

A

-other goat species
-west caucasian tur

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35
Q

nubian ibex

A

-other goat species
-capra ibex

36
Q

goat-antelope

A

-not true goats
-horns are more like antelope
-4 teats, not 2

37
Q

rupicapra rupicapra

A

-chamois
-goat antelope

38
Q

oreamnos americanus

A

-NA mountain goat
-asiatic goat antelope ancestor
-ice age came form siberia to NA
-steep cliffs
-short horns
-molts
-not true goat

39
Q

goat sheep

A

bharal or blue sheep (genus pseudois)

40
Q

early domestication of sheep and goats

A

-happened ~11,000 years ago in fertile crescent (SW asia)
-originally they were used for food and hides
-about 5-6000 years ago sheep started to be used for wool and selection of wool started to occur

41
Q

domestication of sheep and goats original species

A

-sheep were probably muflon
-goats were probably bezoar

42
Q

why could sheep and goat species be domesticated by humans

A

-group together
-fast reproducing
-adaptable to living in captivity
-young bond with humans
-not stressed by contact with humans (yield to leadership)
-young are self sufficient early

43
Q

changes accompanying domestication for both goats and sheep

A

-smaller body and horn size
-development of polled
-large colour variation

44
Q

changes accompanying domestication for sheep

A

-development of tails
-fleece free from outer hairy coat
-most stopped molting

45
Q

changes accompanying domestication for goat

A

horn shape changes so inward curve was sharp now blunt

46
Q

what happened to the canadian goat population

A

raised

47
Q

why raise sheep

A

-meat
-wool
-pelts
-milk
-vegetation control
-pets/hobby

48
Q

sheep meat

A

-lamb
-mutton

49
Q

sheep milk

A

-milk
home consumption
asia, africa
-major product
mediteranean
-cheese
feta, pecorino, manchego, roquefort

50
Q

wool

A

-shorn 1x year
-different classes of wool
-classified based on wool diameter
-decline due to synthetic fibers
-benefits: flame resistant, warm when wet, hypoallergenic
-all sheep have hair and wool: hair sheep have more hair fibers and shed their coats annually

51
Q

sheep pelts

A

-shearling is the pelt with wool still on
-rugs
-medical sheepskins
-clothing
-footwear
-specialized pelt breeds

52
Q

what is napa

A

leather when the wool is removed

53
Q

specialized pelt sheep

A

-karakul/astrakhan sheep
-persian lambskin hats

54
Q

sheep meat breeds

A

-suffolk
-hampshire
-canadian arcott
-dorset

55
Q

sheep milk breed

A

east friesian

56
Q

sheep wool breed

A

marino

57
Q

dual purpose sheep meat and wool

A

-rambouillet
-romney
-columbia
-polypay

58
Q

dual purpose sheep meat and milk

A

-rideau arcott
-awassi

59
Q

suffolk

A
  • British
  • Meat breed
  • Good rate of gain – popular
    terminal sire
  • Clear black legs and face
  • Lambing percentage 180%
  • Fleece 2.5-3 kg has black hairs
    throughout
60
Q

polled dorset

A
  • British
  • Meat
  • Maternal breed
  • Horned version rare
  • Pink nose
  • Lambing percent 120-200%
    (depends on management)
  • Breed out of season
  • Fleece 2-3 kg
61
Q

canadian arcott

A
  • Meat
  • Canadian – developed at Animal
    Research Centre Ottawa
  • Cross bred breeds include Ile de
    France and Suffolk
  • Lambing percent 180%
  • Fleece 3-3.5 kg
62
Q

rideau arcott

A
  • Canadian
  • Maternal breed
  • Dual purpose meat and milk
  • Three breeds
  • Finnish Landrace (fecundity)
  • East Friesian (milk)
  • Suffolk (meat)
  • Lambing percentage 250%
  • Fleece variable
  • Third Canadian breed is Outaouais
    Arcott also a maternal breed
63
Q

east friesian milk sheep

A
  • German
  • Also Dutch Friesian (Netherlands)
    and Zeeland Milk sheep (Zeeland
    Island)
  • Top milk producer in production
    and milk fat content
  • Rat-tail
  • Lambing percentage 225%
  • Do poorly in extensive and large
    flock conditions
64
Q

marino

A
  • Spanish
  • Fine boned
  • Fine wool breed 3-6 kg
  • Fibre diameter 15-24 microns
  • Pink nose
  • Lambing percent 75-110%
  • Body folds
  • Sex influenced horns
  • Range sheep
65
Q

marino breeds

A
  • Poll Merino
  • Developed in Australia
  • Recessive poll genes in the Merino breed
  • Less prone to poll strike and easier to handle
  • Booroola Merino
  • Developed in NSW (Australia)
  • Higher fertility
  • Lambing percentage 240%
  • Lower when crossed with other Merinos
  • Able to breed most times of year
66
Q

romney

A
  • British
  • Dual purpose wool and meat
  • Woolly face
  • Wool blind if not crutched
  • Black nostrils
  • Lambing percent 90-130%
  • Fleece 4.5-6 kg
  • NB Inverdale gene = twinning
    gene has resolved low fertility
67
Q

rambouillet

A
  • French modification of the
    Merino
  • Dual purpose wool and meat
  • Chunkier build
  • Removed the body folds
  • Lambing percent 175%
  • Range sheep
68
Q

katahdin

A
  • Meat
  • Developed in Maine by crossing
    Virgin Island sheep with
    traditional breeds
  • Hair breed
  • Sheds wool annually
  • Don’t need to tail dock
69
Q

polypay

A
  • Meat and wool
  • Developed in Idaho from 4
    breeds
  • Finnish Landrace, Rambouillet,
    Targee, and Dorset
  • Lambing percentage 190%
  • Fleece 2.2 - 2.7 kg
  • Does well in both pasture and
    confinement
70
Q

romanov

A
  • High fecundity
  • Maternal breed used for cross
    breeding
  • Lambing percentage 250% or
    higher
  • Fleece 2.5-3.3 kg
71
Q

valais black nose

A
  • Meat and wool breed
  • Raised exclusively in Switzerland
    until 2013
  • Need to be sheared 2x per year
72
Q

babydoll-southdown

A
  • Heritage breed originally for
    meat, wool and milk
  • Popular for acreages and petting
    zoos
73
Q

why raise goats

A
  • Meat
  • Fibre
  • Milk
  • Hides – rugs, parchment, drum skins
  • Horns
  • Labour – light pack animals
  • Vegetation control
  • Pets/Hobby
74
Q

goat meat

A
  • Chevon
  • Not traditionally eaten in North America or
    Northern Europe
  • Goat meat is increasing in demand in Canada
  • No religious restrictions
  • Increased immigration means more people
    want it for traditional meals
  • Cabrito – the meat from milk fed goats
75
Q

goat milk

A
  • Used for cheese, yogurt, butter, ice cream, etc
  • Higher protein, lower calories, lower fat and
    cholesterol in goat cheese compared to cow’s milk cheese
  • Can be more easily digestible for people that are intolerant to cow’s milk due to differences in composition
  • Soap
76
Q

goat fibre

A
  • Considered to be luxury textiles
  • Softer than sheep’s wool
  • Mohair – Angora goats
  • More elastic than sheep’s wool
  • Does not felt like sheep’s wool
  • Clothing, blankets
  • Cashmere
  • Not as warm as sheep’s wool
  • Used for clothing
77
Q

boer

A
  • Developed in South Africa to be
    a true meat breed
  • Boerbok means “Farmer’s goat”
    in Afrikaans, Boer is Dutch word
    for “Farmer”
  • Any colour pattern allowed
  • Horned
  • Lop ears
  • Extended breeding season
78
Q

kiko

A
  • A maternal meat breed
  • Developed in New Zealand by
    crossing feral does with Nubian,
    Toggenburg and Saanen bucks
  • Maori word for flesh or meat
  • Horned
  • Erect ears
  • Hardy and low maintenance
79
Q

alpine

A
  • French Alps
  • Dairy
  • Short hair
  • Males can have a roach of long
    hair on spine
  • Any colour pattern allowed
  • These patterns have French names
  • Upright ears
80
Q

saanen

A
  • Swiss dairy breed
  • White or light cream
  • Short hair
  • Erect ears
  • Sensitive to sunlight but can
    handle cold weather
81
Q

oberhasli

A
  • Swiss dairy breed
  • Short hair
  • Chamois colouring
  • Does can be black
  • No significant amount of white
  • Two black stripes from each eye to
    a black muzzle
  • Erect ears
82
Q

toggenburg

A
  • Swiss dairy breed
  • Short to medium length hair
  • Solid brown coat with white
    stripes on face, and triangle
    patch on either side of tail, white
    below hocks
  • No preference for shade
  • Erect ears
  • Do best in cooler climates
83
Q

nubian

A
  • British origin when goats from
    African and India were bred with
    European goats.
  • All purpose goat: meat, milk,
    and hide
  • Any colour permitted
  • Roman nose
  • Long pendulous ears
  • Longer breeding season than
    swiss breeds
  • Does well in heat
84
Q

LaMancha

A

LaMancha
* Dairy breed
* Originated west coast USA
* Short hair
* Short ears
* Gopher ear – max 1 inch,
preferably non-existent
* Elf ear – max 2 inches, ear turned
down

85
Q

angora

A
  • Turkey, near Ankara
  • Produce mohair
  • Need shearing twice per year
  • About 2.25 kg per shearing
  • White with pendulous ears
  • Must have horns to be papered
86
Q

cashmere producing

A
  • Asia
  • Dual purpose meat and fibre
  • Shorn once per year
  • Produce up to 1 kg
  • Fleece has 2 kinds of fibre
  • guard hairs
  • Cashmere
  • Horned
  • Cashmere coarsens as the goat
    ages
87
Q

tennessee fainting goats

A
  • Also called Myotonic goats/
    Wooden leg goats
  • Tennesee strain is smaller than
    Texas strain
  • Meat goats and pets
  • When frightened they lock up
    and fall over (faint) then lie very
    still for a few seconds

ANSC 355 (8 decks)

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