Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards Preview

Y2 LCRS 1 - Pharmacology and Therapeutics - Laz > Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System Deck (15)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Which limb of the autonomic nervous system has more of an effect on the Liver?

A

Sympathetic – causes hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis

2
Q

Which limb of the autonomic nervous system dominates the lungs and the eyes at rest?

A

Parasympathetic
Lungs – causes partial bronchoconstriction
Eyes – allows near vision

3
Q

Describe the relationship between baroreceptor firing and parasympathetic discharge.

A

Baroreceptors are stimulatory to the parasympathetic nerves i.e. an increase in baroreceptor firing stimulates an increase in parasympathetic firing

4
Q

Describe the differences between sympathetic responses and parasympathetic responses.

A

Sympathetic – coordinated and divergent

Parasympathetic – discrete and localised

5
Q

What type of receptor are nicotinic receptors?

A

Type 1 – ionotropic receptors

They are VERY fast

6
Q

What type of receptor are muscarinic receptors?

A

Type 2 – G-protein coupled receptors

Slower than Type 1 receptors

7
Q

Describe the difference in the transmission through nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.

A

Nicotinic is much faster

8
Q

What effect does parasympathetic dominance at rest have on the: lungs, gut, bladder and eyes?

A

Lungs – partial bronchoconstriction
Gut – increased gut motility
Bladder – increased urinary frequency
Eyes – short-sightedness

9
Q

Why would giving a ganglion blocker at rest cause constipation?

A

At rest the parasympathetic nervous system is dominant, which increases gastric motility. This means that a ganglion blocker will knock out this effect and cause constipation.

10
Q

Where are the three types of muscarinic receptor found?

A

M1 – neural tissue
M2 – heart
M3 – exocrine and smooth muscle

11
Q

Which adrenergic receptors are responsible for the sympathetic control of vasculature?

A

Alpha 1 – constriction

Beta 2 – dilation

12
Q

What type of receptor are all adrenergic receptors?

A

G-protein coupled

13
Q

Describe the synthesis of acetylcholine.

A

It is formed from acetyl CoA and choline by choline acetyltransferase
It is broken down by acetyl cholinesterase

14
Q

Describe the synthesis of Noradrenaline.

A

Tyrosine -> DOPA (enzyme: tyrosine hydroxylase)
DOPA -> dopamine (enzyme: DOPA decarboxylase)
Dopamine -> Noradrenaline (enzyme: dopamine beta-hydroxylase)
This last step takes place in a vesicle

15
Q

What are the two uptake and breakdown mechanisms of noradrenaline?

A

Uptake 1 – neuronal tissue – mainly Monoamine Oxidase breakdown (MAO)
Uptake 2 – extraneuronal tissue – mainly Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase (COMT)