Introduction to the Autonomic NS/ Organization of Parasympathetic Division

Question 1

What are the target tissues of visceral motor innervation:?

Answer 1

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
gland

Question 2

Activities of visceral motor innervation tissues are under what type of control?

Answer 2

unconscious (involuntary)

Question 3

How many neurons connect the CNS to the target tissue?

Answer 3

2

Question 4

Visceral innervation is usually associated with _____ _____. However, there are some visceral structures in the ____ _____.

Answer 4

internal organs

body wall

Question 5

What are some of the visceral structures in the body wall?

Answer 5

sweat glands
arrector pili muscles (smooth)
smooth muscle in skin and vessel walls

Question 6

What are the 3 basic components to visceral motor innervation?

Answer 6

sympathetic innervation
parasympathetic innervation
enteric innervation (gut only)

Question 7

Sympathetics and parasympathetics usually act __________, with a balance between them that is regulated by the ____.

Answer 7

antagonistically

brain

Question 8

Most internal organs receive which types of innervation?

Answer 8

both - symp. and parasymp.

Question 9

What regulates the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation in internal organs?

Answer 9

the brain

Question 10

The arteries to some internal organs receive only which type of innervation?

Answer 10

sympathetics (on/off)

Question 11

What is an example of an internal organ whose arteries receive only sympathetic innervation?

Answer 11

KIDNEYS

Question 12

Nearly all of the visceral structures in the body wall receive _______ innervation ONLY.

Answer 12

sympathetic

Question 13

What are exceptions to sympathetic innervation only in visceral body wall structures?

Answer 13

external genitalia

Question 14

What type of innervation do external genitalia receive?

Answer 14

sympathetic AND parasympathetic

Question 15

Occurs at times when the body expends energy (“fight or flight”)

Answer 15

sympathic

Question 16

occurs during intake and conservation of energy (“rest and digest”)

Answer 16

parasympathetic

Question 17

sympathetic:

• _______ pupil
• Stimulates secretion of ____ glands
• _______ heart rate
• _______ strength of ventricular contractions
• _______ coronary vessels
• _______ bronchial passages
• _______ blood flow to skeletal muscles
• _______ blood flow to digestive organs
• _______ secretion by digestive glands.
• Stimulates secretion of ________

Answer 17

dilates
sweat
Increases
Increases
Dilates
Dilates
Increases
Decreases
decreases
adrenaline

Question 18

parasympathetic:
- _______ pupil
- Stimulates secretion of ____ and _____ glands
- _______ heart rate
- _______ strength of ventricular contractions
- _______ bronchial passages
- _______ blood flow to skeletal muscles
- _______ blood flow to digestive organs
- _______ secretion by digestive glands.
- Stimulates motility and secretion of ________
- _______ GI sphincters
- _______ urinary bladder

Answer 18

contracts
lacrimal and salivary
decreases
decreases
constricts
decreases
increases
increases
GI tract
relaxes
contracts

Question 19

Both visceral sympathetics and parasympathetics use __-neuron pathways.

Answer 19

2

Question 20

2-neuron pathways include a _____ neuron and a _____ neuron.

Answer 20

preganglionic

postganglionic

Question 21

2-neuron pathways include a _____ where cell bodies are found outside of the CNS.

Answer 21

ganglion

Question 22

What are the anatomical differences between sympathetics and parasympathetics?

Answer 22

• LOCATION of preganglionic cell bodies
• relative LENGTHS of preganglionic and postganglionic axons
• size and location of GANGLIA

Question 23

What are the locations of preganglionic cell bodies in parasympathetics?

Answer 23

craniosacral outflow (either bran or S2-S4 levels of the spinal cord)

• • extreme ends of the CNS
• • cranial nerves = VAGUS NERVE

Question 24

What are the locations of preganglionic cell bodies in sympathetics?

Answer 24

thoracolumbar outflow (T1-L2 levels of spinal cord)

Question 25

Do any of the preganglionic cell bodies come from the brain/cranial nerves in sympathetics?

Answer 25

no

Question 26

Which pathway has a longer preganglionic neuron?

Answer 26

parasympathetic

Question 27

Which pathway has a ganglion in the target organ?

Answer 27

parasympathetic

Question 28

Which pathway has a bigger ganglion?

Answer 28

sympathetic

Question 29

Which nerve supplies parasympathetics to cervical mucosa (pharynx and larynx), all of the thoracic organs, and organs of the upper abdomen?

Answer 29

vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 30

The vagus nerve supplies parasympathetics to:

Answer 30

cervical mucosa (pharynx and larynx)
all of the thoracic organs
organs of the upper abdomen

Question 31

Which nerve supplies parasympathetics to the lower abdomen and the pelvis?

Answer 31

pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-S4)

Question 32

The pelvic splanchnic nerve supplies parasympathetics to:

Answer 32

lower abdomen

pelvis

Question 33

is there an overlap between sympathetics and parasympathetics in the ANS?

Answer 33

no