Ionic Compounds Flashcards
what is an ionic compounds
substance that forms when one atom donates an electron to another
metal - non metal bond
how do ionic compounds form
metal atoms donate their electrons to non metal atoms forming cations
non metals accept the electrons and for anions
cations and anions arrange themselves into a 3D lattice
electrostatic attraction between cations and ions hold lattice together - ionic bonding
properties of ionic bonds
high melting and boiling point
hard and brittle
do not conduct electricity in solid state
are good conductors in molten state or if dissolved in water
varying solubilities.
why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points
electrostatic attraction between cations and anions in a lattice are strong, meaning a lot of energy is needed to change state
why are ionic compounds hard and brittle
strong electrostatic force means that crystal doesn’t like to be disrupted which means it is hard.
and as cations and anions do not slide past each other, like a metal, they are brittle as when they are hit and the layer of ions slide past, they are near the ions of the same charge meaning they repel and break.
do ionic compounds conduct electricit
no in solid state, when lattice is solid, the charged particles are fixed and cannot move.
when they are dissolved in water or melted, the charged particles are free to move and can conduct electricity.
are ionic compounds soluble
solubility in water is dependent on electrostatic attraction in the lattice. if the particles in the lattice are more strongly attracted to each other than to the water then it will not dissolve
