Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Visceral CLET > iRAT 4 > Flashcards

iRAT 4 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F

Woman’s sign is involved in diagnosis of DVT

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F

While testing hearing, use 128 tuning fork.

A

FLASE

use 512 for hearing
128 = fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F

Trigeminal nerve controls frontalis muscle.

A

FLASE

Facial = motor, Frontalis
Trigeminal = sensory

Motor only: CN 3, 4, 6, 11, 12
Sensory only: CN 1, 2
Parasympathetic only: CN 3, 7, 9, 10
Sympathetic: thoracolumbar spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F

Cilispinal reflex effect is dilation of ipsilateral pupil.

A

TRUE

dilation = miosos
constriction = myosis
ipsilateral dilation = mydriasis
ptosis = drooping eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F

Corneal reflex, afferent is CN 5 and efferent is CN 10.

A

FALSE

Cornel reflex = Trigeminal and Facial
+ with Bell’s Palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F

MS is a neuro disorder characterized by patchy sclerosis of CNS.

A

TRUE

starts as demyelination, ends in patchy sclerosis scars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F

Adiadokokinesia is a clinical sign mostly characteristic of cerebellum lesion.

A

TRUE

  • repeated, successive alternating patterns of calculated movements
  • cerebellar lesion affects ipsilateral side of body

+ with MS, stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F

Glaucoma may indicate increased intracranial pressure.

A

FALSE

  • Glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure from the angle in the anterior chamber is closed and aqueous humor builds up, can damage Optic nerve
  • Papilledema indicates increased ICP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by static (resting) tremors.

A

TRUE

MS gets intention tremors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F

Patient suffers from optic chasm lesion my present with bitemporal hemianopsia.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F

L’Hermittes sign my indicate MS.

A

TRUE

+ electric shock like sensation shooting down spine - indicates cervical cord insult

MS, Cervical myelopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F

Oculomotor nerve is involved with extra ocular motion of the right eye towards left lateral gaze.

A

TRUE

SO 4, LR 6 - 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F

Romberg’s sign indicates involvement of lateral column of spinal cord.

A

FLASE

Romberg's = dorsal column
Babinski's = lateral column
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F

Poliomyelitis is considered to be of lower motor neuron nature.

A

TRUE

Poliomyelitis - viral infection, attacks Anterior Horn cells, no sensory deficit associated with lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F

Bell’s palsy is an UMNL.

A

FLASE

Bell’s = LMNL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the difference between an UMNL and LMNL?

A

UMNL = above anterior horn cells

  • spasticity
  • decreased muscle strength
  • atrophy
    • pathological reflexes
  • increased DTR, no twitches (b/c inhibitory from spinal cord/brain)

ie. Patellar reflex is controlled at L4 then travels back to leg, excitatory signal exits cord, inhibitory factor in corticospinal

LMNL = below anterior horn cells

  • flaccid
  • decreased muscle strength
  • atrophy
  • no pathological reflexes
  • altered superficial reflexes, with twitches
  • contralateral problem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F

Olfactory centrer is found at uncus in temporal lobe.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F

Visual center is located in occipital lobe.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F

Chancre is associated with first stage of syphilis.

A

TRUE

1: chancre
2: dormant
3: neuro, tabes doraslis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T/F

Horner’s is classified at ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis of half of face.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F

Tabes dorsalis is associated with neurosyphilis.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which is an UNML?

  • cauda equina syndrome
  • cervical myelopathy
  • Bell’s palsy
  • myesthenia gravis
A

cervical myelopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Parkinson’s is characterized by all of the following except:

  • static tremors
  • dull mask-like expression
  • degeneration of frontal lobe
  • rigidity and weakness
A

degeneration of frontal lobe

*substantia nigra in midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What kind of tremors are present with Parkinson’s?

A

Resting or static tremors (pill-rolling)

  • early stage = voluntary tremors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What kind of tremors are present with MS?

A

Intention tremors

  • cerebellum
  • also seem with alcoholism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What kind of tremors are present with liver failure?

A

Asterixis (Flapping)

  • extended arms, hands and wrists flap
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What may cause fine tremors?

A

Hyperthyroidism or Caffeine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which of the following my constitute precaution/contraindication to chiro care?

  • iron deficiency anemia
  • purpura
  • diabetes
  • eosinophilia
A

purpura

  • blood disorder, lack of platelets
  • unknown etiology
  • hemoarthrosis (bleeding in joint)
  • NORM platelet count - 1/4 million
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are some conditions that are contraindications for spinal manipulation?

A
  • fracture
  • tumor
  • instability
  • infection
  • AAA
  • corticosteroid therapy
  • purpura
  • cauda equina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which of the following my be a risk factor in vertebrobasilar artery assessment?

  • Arcus senilus
  • Koplick’s spots
  • xanthelasma
  • tophi
A

xanthelasma

  • Arcus senilus: white spot onto of cornea, related to aging
  • Koplick’s spots: measles
  • xanthelasma: yellow fat around eyelid
  • tophi: uric acid crystalline, gout
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Patient has bitemporal hemianopsia, where is the lesion?

  • optic tract
  • optic chiasm
  • optic radiation
  • inrceased intraocular pressure
A

optic chiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which of the following indicates involvement of corticospinal tract (pyramidal tract)?

  • Homan’s
  • Babinski’s
  • Romberg’s
  • Brudzinski
A

Babinski

  • Homan’s: DVT
  • Babinski’s: lateral column
  • Romberg’s: dorsal column
  • Brudzinski: meningitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

32 yo male, for 4 years has had intermittent episodes of staggering gait, dizziness, double vision. Recently, developed blind spot in left visual field. Neuro exam shows nystagmus on left lateral gaze, intention tremor of left upper extremity and hyperactive reflexes in lower extremity. What is diagnosis?

  • poliomyelitis
  • amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • syringomyelia
  • multiple sclerosis
A

multiple sclerosis

  • intention tremor
  • visual disturbances, optic neuritis
  • intermittent
  • cerebellum and optic nerve first
  • diagnose with MRI
34
Q

Which is NOT a CN lesion?

  • Bell’s Palsy
  • Tix Douloreux
  • Horner’s
  • Meniere’s
A

Horner’s (cervical sympathetics)

1: cacosmia, anosmia
2: blindness
3, 4, 6: Strabismus
5: Tic douloreux
7: Bell’s palsy
8: Meniere’s
9: Parotiditis, Uvula deviation
10: organ problems (asthma, peptic ulcer, arrhythmia), hoarseness
11: Torticollis
12: Swallowing problem, tongue deviation

35
Q

Which is describes with gloss and cavitations around the central canal in the spinal cord which may lead to loss of pain and temperature on involved side?

  • Parkinson’s
  • ALS
  • syringomyelia
  • Brown Squared syndrome
A

syringomyelia

36
Q

18 yo male, presents with dizziness, neck pain and LBP. He described neck pain as stiff and inability to look down. Generalized body weakness, slightly lethargic. Symptoms started suddenly 2 days ago although he can not remember any trauma. Since onset he has not felt well. Diagnosis? exams?

A

Meningitis

  • Brudzinski’s or Kernig’s
  • L’Hermette’s: MS or cervical myelopathy
  • Soto Hall: generalized cervical pain for subluxation, muscle spasm, ligaments, or osseous
  • Linder’s: sciatic pain in 1 leg, lumbar disc herniation
37
Q

Patient presents with periodic attacks of vertigo that occurs in the form of a series of attacks over the last 3 months with periods of remission and variable duration. attacks consist of dizziness or vertigo. Sensation of spinning may produce nausea, vomiting, sweating like extreme motion sickness. Onset of vertigo preceded by sensation of fullness of pressure in the ear, hearing loss and ringing of right ear. Sudden onset, reaches peak intensity within minutes and lasting for an hour or more before subsiding. Unsteadiness persists for hours or days. Vertigo is aggravated my movement. Diagnosis? Involved systems?

A

Meniere’s

  • Dorsal columns
  • Vestibular system
  • Cerebellum (equilibrium)
  • Vision

*although no + Romberg’s
+ Weber’s

38
Q

45 yo female, decreased temperature sensation in left foot June 2001 which progressed until 2004 when she had loss of temperature, numbness, and tight feeling below L2. Spring of 2005 she had motor weakness in right lower extremity and burning sensation on left side that extended over T10 and L1 dermatomes. She denied any history of trauma or surgery involving spine. Neuro exam shows right lower extremity was moderately weak. Right patellar and achilles reflexes were hyperactive, + Babinski on the right. She complained of numbness, tightness, and loss of temperature below T6 on left side. Diagnosis? Exams?

A

Brown Squared syndrome - slow growing tumor, aneurysm

Babinski + on right = UMNL

corticospinal tract
pyramidal tract
lateral column

Right side = cord
Left side = brain
(Babinski determines side)

39
Q

35 yo male, periodic attacks of unilateral headaches that are made worse with alcohol, associated with lacrimation and rhinorrhea. Headache type?

A

Cluster headache

40
Q

32 yo male, intermittent episodes of staggering gait, dizziness, and double vision. Recently developed blind spot in left visual field. Neuro exam shows nystagmus on left lateral gaze, intention tremor of left upper extremity, hyperactive reflexes in lower extremity. Diagnosis? Test?

A

MS - MRI

41
Q

45 yo female, headaches started 4 months ago with slow, progressive, dull, aching pain. Vitals are normal, BP 135/85. Physical exam is unrewarding. Neuro exam shows visual field abnormalities detected by confrontation test. Other CN are WNL. No other neuro findings detected. Diagnosis?

A

space occupying lesions in pituitary or sella

42
Q

Sensory deficit:

C6 dermatome on right arm

A

Cervical myelopthy (IVF encroachment)

43
Q

Sensory deficit:

Stocking and glove

A

Diabetes

start at feet due to vascular compromise

44
Q 
Sensory deficit:
S3 dermatome (saddle anesthesia)
A

Cauda equina

45
Q

Sensory deficit:

T12 down, except butt

A

Syringomyelia (T10-S3)

46
Q

Sensory deficit:

Trunk, under arms to top of hips

A

Syringomyelia (T4-T10)

T4: nipples
T10: umbilicus

47
Q

Sensory deficit:

Waist down around T10

A

Complete transection of cord at T10

48
Q

Patients presents with claudication, impotence, and coldness of extremities. Condition?

  • rheumtological
  • psychological
  • vascular
  • muscular
A

vascular

49
Q

Which of the following is most common presenting complain of a patient with multiple myeloma?

  • malaise
  • fever
  • back pain
  • limp
A

back pain

50
Q

Which condition is characterized by pain that reaches full intensity almost immediately after it’s first appearance?

  • mild muscular pain
  • dissecting aneurysm
  • peptic ulcer
  • migraine headaches
A

dissecting aneurysm

51
Q

Chest pain that is exacerbated by exercise and is relieved by rest is most likely due to?

  • pericarditis
  • daiphragmatic irritation
  • coronary ischemia
  • pleurisy
A

coronary ischemia

52
Q

Which of the following conditions is characterized by absence of red reflex during eye exam?

  • glaucoma
  • myopia
  • cataract
  • strabismus
A

cataract

53
Q

In a normal heart, S2 heart sounds is loudest in area that corresponds to what area of heart?

  • aortic
  • pulmonic
  • tricuspid
  • mitral
A

aortic

S1: tricuspid, mitral
S2: pulmonic, aortic

54
Q

Which of the following is most likely finding when examining patient with emphysema?

  • increased fremitus
  • hyperresonant percussive note
  • prolonged inspiration
  • increased diaphragmatic excursion
A

Hyperresonant percussive note

55
Q

Which of the following skin lesions is associated with psoriasis?

  • erosion
  • crust
  • scale
  • ulcer
A

scale

56
Q

13 yo male, shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing, producing small amounts of stringy, thick sputum. Symptoms exacerbated by exertion like climbing stairs and prolonged action. Which is LEAST likely cause?

  • pneumonia
  • acute bronchitis
  • bronchiogenic carcinoma
  • asthma
A

bronchiogenic carcinoma

57
Q

Which screen test is most appropriate for patient with shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing, producing small amounts of stringy, thick sputum?

  • chest x-ray
  • blood
  • urine
  • thoracic thermography
A

chest x-ray

58
Q

Which of the following is the most likely level of reflex spinal involvement?

  • upper cervical
  • upper thoracic
  • lower thoracic
  • upper lumbar
A

upper thoracic

59
Q

Which of the following findings supports allergic etiology of asthma?

  • acute fever
  • atelectasis
  • tactile fremitus
  • eosinophilia
A

eosinophila

60
Q

48 yo female, right side LBP after misstep off curb. Numbness over right buttock, but no antalgia. Palpation findings are sacrum anterior inferior on right, L5 transverse posterior in right, right trunk rotation unrestricted, left trunk rotation restricted. Temperature 98.6, pulse 80 bpm, BP 122/82, Which is most accurate initial neuro screening procedure?

  • gait analysis
  • station evaluation
  • postural analysis
  • DTR
A

DTR

61
Q

Which exam distinguishes between lumbar joint and SI joint involvement?

  • Goldthwait
  • Heel walk
  • Toe walk
  • Lasegue
A

Goldthwait

62
Q

Which of following is most likely location of biomechanics lesion?

  • medial to right L4 nerve root
  • lateral to right L4 nerve root
  • right SI
  • left SI
A

right SI

why? no idea

63
Q

Which of the following complication requires second opinion or consultation?

  • increase in central back pain
  • muscle cramping in posterior thigh
  • decreased lumbosacral ROM
  • deterioration of neuro signs
A

deterioration of neuro signs

64
Q

35 yo female, 1st time pregnancy with frequent severe headaches that are sometimes accompanied by visual disturbances. She has recently been examined by he OB and has gained 70 pounds. She has a puffy face, fingers and ankles. Her fundus and cervical spine are normal. DTRs are equal and intact. She is 32 weeks pregnant, increased urinary frequency and mild pitting edema in both ankle. Temp 99.8, pulse 88, BP 140/90, respiration 24 bpm.

What vital signs presented are most significant?

  • Temp
  • pulse
  • BP
  • respiration

Which exam is indicated?

  • ECG
  • CT
  • CBC
  • UA

Which gives poorest prognosis?

  • anemia
  • oliguria
  • hypochlorhydria
  • glycosuria
A

BP - UA - oliguria

case management?
refer to specialist for further evaluation

65
Q

Which indicates involvement of meninges?

  • Homan’s
  • Chaddock
  • Brudzinski
  • Romberg
A

Brudzinski

66
Q

Which CN controls frontalis muscle?

A

Facial

67
Q

Olfactory hallucinations which precedes epileptic fit usually indicates?

  • temporal lobe epilepsy
  • irritation of occipital lobe
  • local irritation of nasal mucosa
  • vestibuloacoustic nerve damage
A

temporal lobe epilepsy

68
Q

Which of these neuro disorders have a regressive course?

  • cerebral aneurysm
  • cervical myelopathy
  • Bell’s play
  • MS
A

Bell’s palsy

69
Q

29 yo male, left sciatic pain shooting down lateral aspect of leg and top of foot with antalgic lean to left. + Valsalva, SLR on left, Braggart on left, Kemp’s is exaggerated upon leaning to the right. What is impression?

  • left lateral disc, L3
  • left lateral disc, L4
  • left medial disc, L3
  • left medial disc, L4
A

left medial disc, L4

70
Q

In evaluation of upper cervical stability, normal ADI space should not exceed what in adults, children?

  • 7, 5
  • 3, 7
  • 3, 5
  • 7, 3
A

3, 5

71
Q

Patient has hearing loss in right ear from Meniere’s disease. Weber’s test will lateralize to which ear?

A

left

72
Q

Which describes grade 3 reflex?

  • highly increased response, increase possibility disease pathology exists, hyperactive
  • slight increase, possibility of disease pathology exists
  • normal response
  • slightly diminished, lower than normal response, hypoactive
A

slight increase, possibility of disease pathology exists

73
Q

Which indicates involvement of posterior column?

  • Homan’s
  • Babinski
  • Romberg
  • Brudzinski
A

Romberg

74
Q

Which describes pattern of neuro signs and symptoms secondary to IVF lesion?

  • somatic
  • referred
  • sclerotomal
  • segmental
A

segmental

75
Q

Hypothenar atrophy is associated with which nerve?

  • medial
  • radial
  • ulnar
  • axillary
A

ulnar

76
Q

Patient experiences difficulty in hip abduction, what disc?

  • L4
  • L3
  • L5
  • S1
A

Glut Med = L4

77
Q

Pathway for direct light reflex is:

  • CN 2, CN 3
  • CN 3, CN 3
  • CN 2, CN 2
  • CN 3, CN@
A

CN 2, CN 3

78
Q

Bonnett’s sign indicates involvement of which structure?

  • SI joint
  • Piriformis
  • Hip capsule
  • Sartorius
A

Piriformis

79
Q

Which indicates MS?

  • Kernig
  • L ‘Hermette’s
  • Magnuson’s
  • Hautant’s
A

L ‘Hermette’s

80
Q

Loss of brachioradialis reflex is usually associated with muscle weakness on which of the following actions?

  • elbow flexion
  • elbow extension
  • wrist extension
  • finger flexion
A

wrist extension (C6)

81
Q

Normal reaction to ciliospinal reflex?

  • miosis
  • mydriasis
  • ptosis
  • exophthalmous
A

mydriasis

82
Q

Stocking and glove hypesthesia is type of polyneuritis that is commonly associated with:

  • lead poisoning
  • diabetes
  • syringomyelia
  • Brown Sequard syndrome
A

diabetes

Visceral CLET (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions