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HEM Exam 1 > Iron Deficiency > Flashcards

Iron Deficiency Flashcards

1
Q

best iron absorption occurs from

A
  • meat in heme
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2
Q

iron uptake influenced by

A
  • iron stores
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3
Q

decreased iron stores will increase

A
  • absorption of iron
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4
Q

nonheme relies on

A
  • stomach acid and other substances

- impede or enhance absorption

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5
Q

purpose of ferric reductase

A
  • reduces dietary iron to ferrous state
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6
Q

purpose of DMT1

A
  • transports ferrous iron into enterocyte
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7
Q

purpose of ferroportin

A
  • helps iron enter circulation

- releases iron from hepatocyte, enterocyte, and macrophages

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8
Q

hepatocytes take up iron from circulation as either

A
  • free iron

- transferrin-bound iron

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9
Q

role of hepcidin

A
  • block action of ferroportin
  • blocks release of iron from enterocyte, hepatocyte, and macrophage
  • lowers serum iron concentration
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10
Q

when are hepcidin levels increased

A
  • when transferrin bound iron increases
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11
Q

hepcidin responds to what signaling molecule?

A
  • cytokines
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12
Q

role of transferrin

A
  • binds to iron in bloodstream a

- transports it to cells

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13
Q

TIBC

A
  • total iron binding capacity
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14
Q

transferrin saturation

A
  • fraction of available iron binding sites which have iron bound to them
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15
Q

purpose of ferritin

A
  • stores iron in the liver
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16
Q

ferritin in response to iron deficiency

A
  • falls
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17
Q

regulated excretion of iron?

A
  • no regulated excretion of iron!
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18
Q

when does iron leave the body?

A
  • only when cells are lost
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19
Q

ways to lose iron

A
  • menstruation
  • pregnancy
  • blood donation
  • GU blood loss
  • GI blood loss
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20
Q

in an adult, iron deficiency is almost always due to

A
  • blood loss
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21
Q

the body in early iron deficiency will use (hemoglobin/stored iron)

A
  • stored iron before dropping hemoglobin
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22
Q

when the body is recovering, which will recover first (stored iron/hemoglobin)

A
  • hemoglobin will recover first
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23
Q

erythrocyte morphology of iron deficiency anemia

A
  • microcytic

- hypochromic

24
Q

clinical presentation of iron deficiency

A
  • pica
  • thrombocytosis
  • glossitis
  • angular chelitis
  • koilonychia
  • RLS
  • hair loss
  • cognitive changes
  • cold intolerance
25
Q

glossitis

A
  • smooth shiny tender tongue
26
Q

angular chelitis

A
  • sores at corner of mouth
27
Q

koilonychia

A
  • spooning of the nails
28
Q

pica

A
  • obsessive consumption of substances with no nutrition value
  • generally ice, starch, dirt, or paper
29
Q

CBC in iron deficiency

A
  • elevation of RDW
  • falling of MCV
  • hemo/hematocrit fall last
30
Q

single best test for iron deficiency in a healthy patient

A
  • ferritin test
31
Q

serum iron levels in iron deficiency

A
  • falls
32
Q

TIBC in iron deficiency

A
  • increases
33
Q

transferrin saturation in iron deficiency

A
  • falls
34
Q

treatment of iron deficiency - treatment of choice

A
  • oral iron
35
Q

side effects of oral iron

A
  • nausea
  • constipation
  • black stools
36
Q

if patients are intolerant of oral iron or have malabsorption

A
  • give IV iron
37
Q

after birth, what should you do with the baby and placenta

A
  • have all of the placenta blood drained to the baby
38
Q

half of the blood stores are laid down when in intrauterine development

A
  • last month of intrauterine life

- importance of not being premature

39
Q

physiologic anemia of infancy

A
  • hemoglobin and reticulocyte values drop after birth

- due to drop in epo production as infants breath oxygen

40
Q

premature infants versus term infants

A
  • lower nadir
41
Q

why we don’t give cow’s milk to children under 1 year of age

A
  • protein-induced colitis

- leads to GI bleeding

42
Q

how to prevent iron deficiency in pregnant and breast-feeding women

A
  • treat iron deficiency
43
Q

for infants under 12 months who are not breastfed or partially breastfed

A
  • use only iron-fortified supplements
44
Q

milk consumption values for children ages 1-5 years

A
  • no more than 600 mLs or 20 oz
45
Q

neuropsychiatric manifestations of iron deficiency in children

A
  • impaired psychomotor function

- pica - for pain chips leading to lead poisoning

46
Q

what happens if you just give everyone iron in Africa?

A
  • more susceptible to malaria
47
Q

hepcidin in inflammatory states like ACD

A
  • increases
48
Q

role of hepcidin on iron absorption from gut

A
  • decrease iron absorption from gut
49
Q

role of hepcidin in iron export out of hepatocytes

A
  • decrease iron export out of hepatocytes
50
Q

role of hepcidin in transferrin and TIBC

A
  • decrease transferrin and TIBC
51
Q

serum iron in Anemia of Chronic Disease

A
  • decreased
52
Q

TIBC in AOCD

A
  • decreased

- iron low doesn’t feel good at all

53
Q

ferritin in AOCD

A
  • normal

- elevated

54
Q

serum iron in iron deficiency

A
  • decreased
55
Q

TIBC in iron deficiency

A
  • increased
56
Q

ferritin in iron deficiency

A
  • decreases

HEM Exam 1 (22 decks)

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