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Term 2: Midterm/finals > Islamic World > Flashcards

Islamic World Flashcards

1
Q

Where was the birthplace of Islamic religion?

A

Oasis City in Arabia

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2
Q

Who was the founder of Islam, famous for his intelligence, honesty, and kindness? (United Bedouins)

A

Muhammad (a prophet)

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3
Q

What is a prophet?

A

Messenger of God

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4
Q

Muhammad worked as a trader for who?

A

Khadijah (wealthy widow & merchant–>impressed by Muhammad’s virtues: marries him)

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5
Q

Muhammad had a deep interest in religion so where did he go to pray?

A

Cave outside of Mecca

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6
Q

Why did Muhammad reject the polytheism that was common in Mecca?

A

Heard a message from angel Gabriel in the cave

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7
Q

What did angel Gabriel say to Muhammad in the cave?

A

People could achieve salvation by worshipping/obeying one true god

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8
Q

What are followers of Islam called?

A

Muslims (“one who has submitted to god”)

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9
Q

Where did Muhammad and his followers flee to after the political leaders made life difficult for them?

A

Yathrid (Arabian city)

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10
Q

What was the event in where Muhammad and his followers fleeing to Yathrid called?

A

Hijrah

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11
Q

What does the year of Hijrah mark the beginning of?

A

Muslim calendar

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12
Q

What did Yathrid rename into?

A

Medina

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13
Q

Muhammad and his followers were given leadership of Medina, so what did they establish?

A

Umma (Islamic community)

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14
Q

Why did the political leaders make life difficult for Muhammad?

A

Supported traditional religion and benefitted from location as pilgrimage center for polytheistic Arabs

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15
Q

What did Muhammad make people be loyal to?

A

Umma (than tribes –> united quarreling tribes under Islam)

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16
Q

How did people spread Islam when there were the ruling tribes of Mecca trying to crush the movement?

A

Conquered and dedicated shine to God of Abraham at Ka’aba

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17
Q

What does the Ka’aba contain?

A

Black Stone (holy rock)

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18
Q

What was the holy book of Islam called?

A

Qur’an

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19
Q

What did Muslims believe that the Qur’an contain flawless words of?

A

Allah

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20
Q

What does the Qur’an perceive god as?

A

Merciful and compassionate (creator)

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21
Q

What does Islam teach that God will judge individuals for?

A

Good and bad actions (send them to heaven or hell on final judgment day)

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22
Q

What does the Qur’an show to Muslims

A

How they should behave (ex. promote charity and forbidding gambling/alcohol)

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23
Q

What were the words and actions attributed to Muhammad called? (served as a model)

A

Sunna

24
Q

What does the Sunna and the Qur’an serve as?

A

Shari’a (basis of Islamic law: covers all aspects of life like family and behavior)

25
Q

Why did the early Muslims call Christians and Jews the “people of the book”?

A

Had a holy book with similar teachings and considered Abraham as a prophet

26
Q

What did the Muslims regard Muhammad as?

A

Final prophet of God

27
Q

Where was the Muslim place of worship, and was a center of education and social work?

A

Mosque

28
Q

What is a religious teacher in Islam called?

A

Imam (leads weekly service; ex. prayer and sermon)

29
Q

What are the following duties that Muslims have to do called?

A

Five Pillars of Islam

30
Q

What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

A

Shahada, Salah, Sawm, Zakat, Hajj

31
Q

How many times does Muslims have to pray a day according to the five pillars of Islam?

A

Five times a day facing towards Mecca

32
Q

What is Zakat in the Five Pillars of Islam?

A

Donation to people in need

33
Q

What is Sawm in the Five Pillars of Islam?

A

Eat and drink nothing between dawn and sunset during holy month of Ramandan

34
Q

What is hajj in the Five Pillars of Islam?

A

Pilgrimage (journey) to Mecca at least once in a lifetime if able

35
Q

In the Arabia Peninsula, who were the early inhabitants who made their living as nomadic herders?

A

Bedouin

36
Q

How were the Bedouins organized into?

A

Tribes based on clans

37
Q

What are clans?

A

Groups of related families believed to have common ancestors

38
Q

What did each tribe have?

A

Sheikh (elected leader)

39
Q

What did the tribes often do to maintain or gain control of areas of the desert?

A

Fought one another

40
Q

Because of fighting one another for control of the desert, what did the tribesmen become?

A

Strong/skilled warriors

41
Q

What was the only place life could flourish in Arabia?

A

Oasis

42
Q

What is an oasis?

A

Isolated, reliable source of water in the desert (plants can grow, trade)

43
Q

What did Arabia become because of its central location

A

Crossroads connecting routes from Asia, Africa, and Europe

44
Q

What was Arabia’s most important city?

A

Mecca (center of trade/religion)

45
Q

What kind of religion were the Arabs?

A

Polytheistic

46
Q

What is Allah?

A

Supreme god

47
Q

According to the Ancient Islamic tradition, in the Hebrew Bible, Abraham stopped at Mecca and built what?

A

Ka’aba

48
Q

Why did people from all over the Arabian peninsula make a pilgrimage?

A

For worship

49
Q

What is a hadith?

A

Accounts of what Muhammad did/say recorded by his followers after his death

50
Q

What is a caliph

A

Successor

51
Q

Who did the Muslims appoint after Muhammad died without naming a successor?

A

Abu Bakr

52
Q

Early Caliphs succeeded in establishing a large Muslim empire from the Mediterranean to Central Asia. But what were the two great superpowers faced in the religion?

A

The Byzantines and Persians

53
Q

After conquering land from the two superpowers, Byzantines and Persians (exhausted), what did the Qur’an forbade Muslims to do to them?

A

Forcing non-Muslim subjects to convert to Islam

54
Q

What did the people from the former Byzantines and Persia allowed to do?

A

Follow their own religious customs with some restrictions

55
Q

Why did many people from the former Byzantines and Persians convert to Islam?

A

Attracted to it or for social, political, and economic gain

Term 2: Midterm/finals (8 decks)

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