Issue 1 The Migration Of Scots

Question 1

Reasons for external migration

Answer 1

•Poor living conditions- lived in black houses no gas electricity and often no windows

•Population growth and lack of jobs- between 1830-1911 lowland’s population doubled and they couldn’t sustain the population (not enough jobs)

•Isolated- in rural areas there was little to do no cinemas, football grounds or means of socializing

•working conditions- in rural Scotland many Scots worked long hours everyday for little to no pay as tenets on crofters

•Cheap land abroad- ****

•easy cheap travel- In 1850 6 weeks to cross Atlantic in 1914 one also **

•letters and newspapers from back home- in 1850 Scots made up a quarter of NZ population and sent letters that got posted in news abt how good life was out there

•emigration officers- targeted young male scots to move along w the 1851 emigration act the officers convinced 16533 people mainly young men to move abroad between 1846-57

Question 2

Internal migration

Answer 2

•textile jobs lost- due to power loom being ****

•highland and island potato blight- in 1846 potato crop was bad so there’s was a famine in the highlands 150 000 at risk of starving

• those in rural area struggled to access education- 1872 5-13 mandatory schooling however this was difficult to obtain outside cities

•highland clearances- between Croft owners burned down homes to kick tenets out and make room for more profitable sheep up to the 1860s

•there were better working conditions in the cities- rumor of factory jobs having one day of a week less hours and better pay went around the highlands

•social opportunities- in the cities you could watch football, go to the cinema, watch the circus, and more people meant you could find love.

• There were lots of jobs in the cities- in Glasgow 1914 1/5 of all ships in the world were being built manual labor needed

•better living conditions- in the highland and lowlands stories of apartments with window electricity and more than one room were common homes convinced many to move

Question 3

Economic reasons of Scottish migration

Answer 3

Failure of the kelp industry (kelp was no longer used for soap so Scottish income fell)

Highland clearances (tenets expensive and not a lot of income sheep farming very profitable)

Better career opportunities abroad (skilled workers in textile industry still needed in places like India)