Issues Flashcards
1
Q
Body weight percentage of blood
A
8%
2
Q
What do RBCs have in their membranes?
A
Glycoproteins
3
Q
Name 2 key erythorocyte enzymes.
A
- Glycolytic enzymes
- Carbonic anhydrase
4
Q
Life cycle of erythrocyte
A
- Erythrocytes form in red bone marrow.
- Erythrocytes circulate in bloodstream for 120 days.
- Aged erythrocytes are phagocytized in the liver and spleen.
- Heme components of blood are recycled.
- Membrane proteins and globin proteins are broken down into amino acids, some of which are used to make new erythrocytes.
5
Q
What happens to heme components recycled?
A
- Heme is converted into biliverdin and then to bilirubin which is secreted in bile from the liver.
- Iron is transported in the blood by the protein transferrin and stored by the protein ferritin in the liver.
6
Q
How does erythropoetin from kidney stimulate erythropoiesis?
A
- Kidneys detect reducted O2 carrying capacity of blood.
- When less O2 is delivered to the kidneys, they secrete erythropoetin into blood.
- Erythropoietin stimulates erythropoiesis by bone marrow.
- Additional circulating erythrocytes increase O2-carrying capacity of blood.
- Increased O2-carrying capacity relieves initial stimulates that triggered erythropoietin secretion.
7
Q
NB! Platelets (thrombocytes) details
A
- smallest elements in blood
- lack nucleus
- fragments of megakaryocytes
- make most of mass of blood clots
- release serotonin (vasoconstrict, reduce blood flow to clot)
- secrete growth factors (maintain integrity of blood vessel wall)
- survive 5-9 days (removed by tissue macrophages)
8
Q
Where is thrombopoeitin produced?
A
Liver
9
Q
Where is erythropoeitin produced?
A
Kidney
10
Q
3 steps in Hemostasis
A
- Vascular spasm
- Formation of a platelet plug
- Blood coagulation (clotting)
11
Q
Beta (β) globulins function
A
Inactive precursor proteins eg proteases
12
Q
Hemostasis
A
Blood clotting
13
Q
What happens to heme components recycled?
A
- Heme is converted into biliverdin and then to bilirubin which is secreted in bile from the liver.
- Iron is transported in the blood by the protein transferrin and stored by the protein ferritin in the liver.
14
Q
What is the function of innate immune cells
A
- Complement protein & peptides in blood/tissue
- Beat trivial infections
15
Q
What is the function of T-lymphocytes?
A
- Priming of innate responses (T-helper 1, TH1)
- Priming of antibody responses (T-helper 2, TH2)
- Direct cell lysis (cytotoxic T’s)
