jackson era

Question 1

Election of 1824

Answer 1

No candidate received the required number of electoral votes resulting in the House of Representatives selecting/voting the president. Henry Clay (Speaker of the House) withdrew convinced others to vote for John Quincy Adams as president.

Question 2

Corrupt Bargain

Answer 2

Henry Clay helps John Quincy Adams win presidential election of 1824 by persuading the House of Representatives to vote/choose Adams. Because of this favor/arranged agreement, Adams appoints Clay Secretary of State. Jackson claims this was the reason why he lost the election of 1824.

Question 3

Election of 1828

Answer 3

Andrew Jackson ran as a Democrat & ended up winning because he was seen as a “Common Man” gaining more voters such as laborers. Inauguration was trashed celebrated by mixture of elite and common man

Question 4

What helped Andrew Jackson win the presidential election of 1828

Answer 4

changing voting requirements (expanded suffrage); did not have to own property or pay taxes (all adult white males able to vote)

Question 5

Jacksonian Democracy

Answer 5

Idea of spreading political power to all people (ordinary people start playing a role in politics) and ensuring majority rule, govt. by the people (common man & not wealthy), changed voting requirements (only white males & did not have have to own property)

Question 6

Spoils System

Answer 6

After Jackson’s election, fires people with government jobs. Gives public servants and officials government jobs to political backers. Victor gets the spoils

Question 7

Andrew Jackson

Answer 7

won elections of 1828 & 1832

Question 8

Tariff of Abominations

Answer 8

John C. Calhoun argued that high tariffs passed by John Quincy Adams that angered southern states such as South Carolina. Hurt south’s economy (South could no longer easily trade goods with other counties & devalued raw materials)

Question 9

Nullification Crisis

Answer 9

Led by John C. Calhoun & South Carolina cancelled (null & void) tariffs & threatened to secede from the Union if tax was collected. Jackson was ready to fight, but South Carolina gave in when a compromise reduced the tariff the next 10 years.

Question 10

Indian Removal Act

Answer 10

Very fertile land for agriculture in the Southeast & gold (mineral) found in Georgia forced the movement of Native Americans to move (peace treaties) west of the Mississippi River on to Indian Territory (Oklahoma). Led to Worcester v. Georgia

Question 11

Southeast

Answer 11

region of U.S. occupied by the 5 civilized tribes & coveted by white settlers wanting gold and valuable land for farming

Question 12

worcester v. Georgia

Answer 12

Cherokee fought the Indian Removal Act by taking issue to supreme court, supreme court ruled in favor of Cherokees, Georgia had no right to remove the Cherokee & Andrew Jackson ignores and Georgia continues to move natives west of the Mississippi River. Led to the Trail of Tears.

Question 13

Reason why the South was against tariffs

Answer 13

Had to buy European manufactured goods at higher prices & devalued raw goods- had to sale cotton at lower prices (hurt economy)

Question 14

states’ rights

Answer 14

10th amendment. States could choose to null & void (not follow) federal laws that were unconstitutional. South Carolina uses this to fight tariffs with the Doctrine of Nullification.

Question 15

Suffrage

Answer 15

Right to vote

Question 16

Common Man

Answer 16

Poor, no parents, self-made man, nothing given to you/ everything earned (think of qualities of Jackson)

Question 17

Democratic Party

Answer 17

Created by Jackson & supporters of Jackson. Think Common Man

Question 18

Whig Party

Answer 18

Opponents of Jackson. Henry Clay was the founder of the party. Tried to win support because of the Panic of 1837

Question 19

John C. Calhoun

Answer 19

South Carolina senator using states’ rights to fight the Tariff of Abominations that hurt the south’s economy

Question 20

Protective Tariffs

Answer 20

Tax on imported goods. Imports more expensive causing more Americans to buy cheaper American made goods (manufacturing). Hurt the South’s economy.

Question 21

Trail of Tears

Answer 21

Forced removal of the Cherokees (all tribes in the Southeast) during harsh winter to Indian Territory (Oklahoma). A 1/4 of the Cherokees (16,000) did not survive the migration (trip/journey)

Question 22

Charter

Answer 22

Contract for a bank to be in business usually for 10 years

Question 23

Jackson’s views on banks

Answer 23

Wanted to destroy the National Bank because it favored the wealthy, such as Nicholas Biddle. Ordered all money (gold reserves) to be moved into smaller state (pet) banks. Refused to renew the National Bank charter when it expired.

Question 24

Herman Melville

Answer 24

Moby Dick was the greatest American novel written by this individual

Question 25

Washington Irving

Answer 25

The Headless Horseman was written by this individual

Question 26

Edgar Allen Poe

Answer 26

This individual wrote eerie short stories

Question 27

Hudson River School

Answer 27

Founded by Thomas Cole in New York. Focused on painting nature. Encourage westward expansion & new beginning for the nation along western frontier

Question 28

John James Audubon

Answer 28

Drew American wildlife (birds, mammals, plants, & other nature). Published most important book on birds called “Birds of America”

Question 29

Democrats & Whigs

Answer 29

Before the election of 1824, there was only one political party. After this election and corrupt bargain, we now have 2 political parties.

Question 30

suffrage

Answer 30

Right to Vote

Question 31

Henry Clay

Answer 31

Known as the Great Compromiser. Came up with the Compromise Tariff of 1883 that lowered the rate on tariffs and kept South Carolina from seceding