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AS History (Stuarts) COPY > James - Foreign Policy > Flashcards

James - Foreign Policy Flashcards

1
Q

What was James primary foreign policy aim?

A

To have peace with Spain.

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2
Q

When was the Treaty of London?

A

1604

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3
Q

What was the situation like with Spain under Elizabeth?

A

Elizabeth was at war with Spain.

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4
Q

When was the Spanish Armada?

A

1588.

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5
Q

What happened to English soldiers supporting the Dutch in the Treaty of London?

A

The Soldiers were transferred into Dutch regiments.

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6
Q

What happened to trade after the Treaty of London?

A
  • Trade increased.

* Trade was maintained with the Low Countries.

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7
Q

Who opposed Peace with Spain?

A
  • Privateers, as they stole treasure from the Spanish during the war.
  • People who hated Catholics.
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8
Q

Who was King of Spain?

A

Philip II

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9
Q

Why was Henry VI’s religion an issue?

A

He was originally a Protestant who converted to Catholicism, this causes Spain to be suspicious.

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10
Q

Who did Henry Support in fighting against Spain?

A

He supported Protestant Dutch rebels who were fighting for independence against Spain.

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11
Q

What did James do about the Dutch Rebels?

A

1) He wanted loans from Elizabeth (£500,000) repaid.

2) Offered Diplomatic Support.

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12
Q

What Truce did the Dutch agree with Spain?

A

They agreed to a 12 year truce with Spain in 1609.

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13
Q

Why did Henry make ties with German Protestants?

A

He was concerned about Spanish troops in the Netherlands, and wanted to ‘trap’ the Spanish between a combined protestant force.

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14
Q

What was James Internationally known for?

A

His mediating and conflict resolution skills.

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15
Q

What conflict did James settle in 1613?

A

The war between Sweden and Denmark.

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16
Q

What was the complex dispute James settled in 1614?

A

The Jülich-Cleves dispute.

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17
Q

Who did James Daughter, Elizabeth Marry?

A

Frederick V Elector of the Palatinate

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18
Q

Why was the Elizabeth-Frederick Marriage well received by Parliament?

A

Parliament Viewed this as James being a Strong Protestant leader.

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19
Q

Why was a Marriage between France and Spain Problematic?

A

It was viewed as a build up of Catholic power in Europe, and caused James to be concerned. This meant a Protestant response was needed to maintain Power Balance.

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20
Q

When did James first decide on pursuing the Spanish Match?

A

1614.

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21
Q

What was the Purpose of the Spanish Match?

A

To Build a better relationship with Spain by marrying Charles to the Spanish Infanta Maria.

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22
Q

When did the Spanish Ambassador arrive in James Court?

A

1613.

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23
Q

Who was the Spanish Ambassador?

A

Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuna.

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24
Q

What was the Spanish Ambassador also called?

A

Count Gondomar. (From 1617)

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25
Q

Who was the Spanish Match Favoured by?

A

The Howards, who were Catholic sympathisers.

26
Q

How much was the Dowry from the Spanish Match worth?

A

£600,000.

27
Q

When did the 30 years war start?

A

1618.

28
Q

Why did the 30 years war start?

A

When the Protestant nobility of Bohemia revolted against their new King, Archduke Ferdinand.

29
Q

To which family did Archduke Ferdinand belong?

A

The Habsburg family. (Catholic)

30
Q

Who did the Protestant Nobility offer the Kingship of Bohemia to in 1619?

A

Frederick, who was James Son in Law, and an important protestant.

31
Q

What happened to Ferdinand in 1619?

A

He was elected Holy Roman Emperor, and invaded Bohemia.

32
Q

At what battle were Protestant forces in Bohemia Defeated?

A

The Battle of White Mountain.

33
Q

Where were Fredericks Hereditary lands?

A

The Palatinate.

34
Q

Who invaded the Palatinate?

A

The Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs.

35
Q

When did Frederick and Elizabeth abdicate?

A

1621.

36
Q

Where did Frederick and Elizabeth abdicate to?

A

The Hague

37
Q

Why did Spain invade the Palatinate?

A

To keep the Spanish Road open.

38
Q

What peace treaty ended in 1621?

A

The 12 year truce between Spain and The Netherlands.

39
Q

Why was resolving the situation in the Palatinate important for James?

A
  • He had family ties.

* Stand up for the Protestants.

40
Q

How did the Public view Frederick and James?

A

As Protestant Martyrs.

41
Q

How did James intend on Retaking the Palatinate?

A

He intended on using the Spanish Match to create a diplomatic solution, as he could pressure the Spanish in giving back the Palatinate.

42
Q

What was happening in France by the 1620’s?

A

It was in a state of civil unrest following the assassination of Henry.

43
Q

When did new negotiations over the Spanish Match start again?

A

1622.

44
Q

What did Parliament say about the marriage?

A

They believed Charles should marry “One of his own religion”, but Charles resented their involvement.

45
Q

What did Charles do to interfere with the Spanish Match negotiations?

A

Charles and George Villers travelled secretly to Spain, which causes suspicion and caused Spain to suspected Charles was really a Catholic, this caused them to push for further concessions.

46
Q

Who was the Spanish Chief Minster?

A

The Count of Olivares.

47
Q

What was the Count of Olivares view on the Spanish Match?

A

He opposed it, as he could not see any benefit for Spain.

48
Q

What was the Infantas position on the marriage?

A

She did not want to Marry, and the king was not willing to force her into the marriage.

49
Q

What did Charles return home from Spain intent on?

A

He returned with Buckingham, and both were intent on war.

50
Q

What did James agree to do about the Palatinate before his Death?

A

He agreed for a Limited expedition, to regain control.

51
Q

What happened to most of the English troops in 1625?

A

They died from the Plague and many didn’t get further than the Dutch Port of Flushing.

52
Q

How did Circumstances cause difficulties in the 1621 Parliament?

A

There was a serious trade depression from 1620 as imports of cloth fell, this caused harvest failure and increased unemployment.

53
Q

How did monopolies causes issues in the 1621 Parliament?

A

James granted more monopolies and caused increases of prices in difficult times, this was unpopular and caused James to cancel monopolies as concessions.

54
Q

How did Factions cause problems in the 1621 Parliament?

A

Edward Coke and Cranfield used impeachment to remove their rival, Francis Bacon. This displayed divisions within the privy council.

55
Q

How did Money cause problems in the 1621 Parliament?

A

James made it clear that £1,000,000 would be needed to send an army to Europe, Parliament granted two subsidies but they were valued by Neighbours so has reduced income.

56
Q

How did Recusants cause issues in the 1621 Parliament?

A

Parliament wanted stronger Punishments but James did not want it to disrupt his peace negotiations with Spain.

57
Q

What circumstances caused difficulties in the 1624 Parliament?

A

Charles and Buckingham travelled to Spain, which caused people to be more fearful of Catholicism.

58
Q

What happened with Monopolies in the 1624 Parliament?

A

Greveinces continued and Parliament passed legislation which banned monopolies from being granted to individuals but companies could still receive them.

59
Q

What happened with Factions in the 1624 Parliament?

A

Divisions in James court were between people who Supported James and those who Supported Charles.

60
Q

What happened in the 1624 Parliament about Money?

A

James was unwilling to declare war until he had sufficient funding from Parliament. He wanted 6 Subsidies to be collected, to raise £780,000.

AS History (Stuarts) COPY (10 decks)

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