Japan in the 19th century

Question 1

what is the OG capital of japan

Answer 1

edo

Question 2

what are the three themes of japan during the 19th century

Answer 2

domestic changes, foreign imperialism, and modernization

Question 3

who was the third and last shogunate

Answer 3

tokugawa shogunate

Question 4

how was society under togugawa shogunate

Answer 4

structured

Question 5

what was the class system before the tokugawa shogunate

Answer 5

1)samurai
2)farmers
3)artisans
4)merchants

Question 6

how did people perceive merchants before the tokugawa shogunate

Answer 6

social parasites, people look down on them but in tokugawa period they were on top

Question 7

describe the sankin kotai system (alternate attendance)

Answer 7

shogunate trusted allies
-send people from homebase (outskirts of Japan) every other year to come back to edo to prove their loyalty to govnt they would come back

Question 8

daimyo

Answer 8

lords

Question 9

where was shogun located and where was emperor located

Answer 9

emperor was in kyoto and shogun was in edo

Question 10

what were strategies that came from the sankin kotai system

Answer 10

-make sure roads are good so money from rebellion is drained
-would have allied lords come separate years to prevent rebellion
-wives and family left behind in capital as hostages

Question 11

what were some of the samurai and conspicuous consumption

Answer 11

-they wanted others to know the luxurious activities they engaged in
-samurai became indebted to merchants
-

Question 12

blurring of class lines in japan

Answer 12

-society is flexible so people are more open to different ideas beyond OG Confucianism
-so samurai sell their daughters to merchants so no class system is turned upside down

Question 13

dutch studies in japan during 19th century

Answer 13

-new group into society so class lines were even more blurred
-only westerners allowed to stay in japan (nagasaki) for trade
-dutch started introducing western medicine, machinery, etc

Question 14

what did commodore matthew perry say to japan

Answer 14

before going to japan he said that their refusal of trade = divine sin. if not he would attack. sent japan white flag to surrender

Question 15

what was the era matthew perry and his black ships came to japan

Answer 15

manifest destiny and the California gold rush

Question 16

what was purpose and approach of perrys letter

Answer 16

purpose = make japan open up.

approach at first = aggressive but he did not immediately attack japan

Question 17

kanagawa treaty of friendship (1854)

Answer 17

first reaty: it was simple but US did not fully like it. Perry got two ports, keep consol in japan and right to house sick sailors, most favored nation status

Question 18

townsend harris treaty (1858)

Answer 18

-consol US sent
-move ports
-aggressiv etariffs (exceedingly low)
-extraterritorality
-american missionaries could preach in japan
-no japanese territory was seeded to the US

Question 19

what efforts were made during meji transformation

Answer 19

modernization

Question 20

was the meji transformation long

Answer 20

yes took decades

Question 21

what happened in beginning of meji transformation

Answer 21

-shi shi warriors and shogun were decimated
-one Japanese tried to learn western ways and was tried for treason

Question 22

shi shi warriors

Answer 22

anti foreigners and believed emperor was divine

Question 23

what happened later on into meji transformation

Answer 23

shi shi who were not killed assisted with and lead meji transformation to be just as powerful as the west

Question 24

charcateristics of meji transformation leaders

Answer 24

young, determined, passionate, democratic and modern

Question 25

role of the emperor and move to tokyo during meji transformation

Answer 25

teenage emperor moved from Kyoto to Tokyo, which is fully acknowledging the change in leadership. Emperor = divine. Whatever happens in the name of the emperor even though samurai were actually calling the shots

Question 26

how and why were samurai incorporated into meji government

Answer 26

samurai were upset with end of the class system so to incorporate them un new government have them joined military control companies and were given bonds.

-with bonds samurai would want japan to succeed so they make money

Question 27

charter oath of five articles came when

Answer 27

start of meji transformation

Question 28

land reform in japan

Answer 28

land became nationalized.

-land was taken from lords and became nationally owned (sense of unity and cohesion)

Question 29

what does infrastructure entail

Answer 29

transportation and communication

Question 30

building of infrastructure in japan

Answer 30

built railroads/roads and bridges
-postal service

Question 31

what was iwakura mission

Answer 31

sent mostly government officials as to chinese who sent young boys. these gov officials will stay loyal to japan and can make more immediate policy changes

Question 32

compulsory elementary education

Answer 32

paid for by the commoners (mostly farmers) in taxes

Question 33

japans new conscript army

Answer 33

-compulsory draft system
-if war happens service = 12 years
-did this because they wanted to build strong military

Question 34

what did meji leaders want to build

Answer 34

strong military and rich nation

Question 35

meji means

Answer 35

enkighted

Question 36

japans naval building purpose

Answer 36

show US japan is capable like them

Question 37

did new constitution come quickly during meji transformation

Answer 37

no, came 20 years into meji reformation - western nations have one so japan needed on too

Question 38

role of emperor in meji constitution

Answer 38

divinity of emperor was written into constitution

Question 39

government system under meji constitution

Answer 39

parliamentary

Question 40

male suffrage under meji constitution

Answer 40

-only certain population could vote (must own property and pay taxes on it)
-limited suffrage
-property can be like bonds too

Question 41

outcome and significance of meji constiution

Answer 41

more successful than CHina’s. so successful that Japan itself became an imperialistic power