Topic 4.2: Joint and Movement

Question 1

Flexion

Answer 1

Question 2

Extension

Question 3

Hyperextention

Answer 3

Question 4

Adduction

Question 5

Abduction

Question 6

Rotation

Answer 6

Question 7

Circumduction

Answer 7

Question 8

Pronation

Answer 8

Question 9

Supernation

Answer 9

Question 10

Dorsiflexion

Answer 10

Question 11

Plantarflexion

Answer 11

Question 12

Inversion

Answer 12

Question 13

Eversion

Answer 13

Question 14

Elevation

Answer 14

Question 15

Depression

Answer 15

Question 16

Muscle Contraction Type

Answer 16

Isotonic, Isometric, Isokinetic

Question 17

Isotonic

Answer 17

• Means ‘tension with movement’
• Concentric and Eccentric

Question 18

Isometric

Answer 18

• Means ‘same distance’
• Tension but no movement
• Contraction with NO CHANGE in length
• A static contraction
• Force of contraction = force of resistance

Question 19

Isokinetic

Answer 19

• Means ‘same speed’
• Muscle contracts at a constant speed
• Very rare in sporting examples
• Often requires special equipment and is used in rehab or to test muscle imbalances

Question 20

Concentric

Answer 20

• Ends of muscle drawn together (shortening)
• This shortening of the muscle result in movement
• Force is greater than that of resistance
• Distance between origin and insertion decrease
• Joint angle decreases
• Usually against gravity

Pulling up in pull ups, curling in bicep curl

Question 21

Eccentric

Answer 21

• Force is less than that of resistance
• Always stronger on the eccentric
• Muscle is contracting BUT lengthening of the muscle occurs
• Distance between origin and insertion increase
• Usually with gravity
• Joint angle increase

Coming down on pull ups, coming down from bicep curl

Question 22

Agonist

Answer 22

• Prime mover
• Muscle that is shortening, pulling on the bone (contracting)

Question 23

Antagonist

Answer 23

• Muscle that is relaxing, lengthening

Question 24

Fixator

Answer 24

Muscles can also contract isometrically to stabilise the origin to maintain a correct or stable position

Question 25

Synergist

Answer 25

Aid and assist the prime mover

Question 26

Reciprical Inhibition

Answer 26

The term for when agonist is stimulated, antagonists is inhibited