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Anatomy > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are rigid elements of the skeleton that meet at joints or articulation?

A

Joints

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2
Q

True or false. Joints enable resistance to crushing, tearing, and other forces.

A

True

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3
Q

True or false. Joints allow movement and prevent damage to the skeletal system.

A

True

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4
Q

Which of the following is immovable; and common in the axial skeleton?
A. Synarthroses
B. Diarthrosis
C. Amphiarthroses

A

A. Synarthrosis

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5
Q

Which of the following are freely movable; common in the appendicular skelton?
A. Synarthroses
B. Diarthrosis
C. Amphiarthroses

A

C. Amphiarthrosis

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6
Q

Which of the following is slightly movable; and common in the axial skeleton?
A. Synarthroses
B. Diarthrosis
C. Amphiarthroses

A

B. Diarthrosis

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7
Q

What are the 3 structural classes of joints?

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
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8
Q

Which of the following are made by adjoining bones united by collagenic fibers?
A. Fibrous
B. Synovial
C. Cartilaginous

A

A. Fibrous

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9
Q

Which of the following are made by adjoining bones united by cartilage?
A. Fibrous
B. Synovial
C. Cartilaginous

A

C. Cartilaginous

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10
Q

Which of the following are made by adjoining bones separated by a joint cavity, covered with articular cartilage, and enclosed within an articular capsule line with synovial membrane?
A. Fibrous
B. Synovial
C. Cartilaginous

A

B. Synovial

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

A
  1. Suture
  2. Syndesmosis
  3. Gomphosis
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12
Q

Which type of fibrous joint is completely immobile?
A. Suture
B. Syndesmosis
C. Gomphosis

A

A. Suture

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13
Q

Which of the following type of fibrous joints is slightly mobile (amphiarthrosis) and immobile?
A. Suture
B. Syndesmosis
C. Gomphosis

A

B. Syndesmosis

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14
Q

Which type of fibrous joint is the periodontal ligament, and is immobile?
A. Suture
B. Syndesmosis
C. Gomphosis

A

C. Gomphosis

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15
Q 
Which type of cartilaginous joint is immobile, and involves hyaline cartilage?
A. Suture 
B. Syndesmosis 
C. Gomphosis 
D. Synchondrosis
E. Symphysis
A

D. Synchondrosis

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16
Q 
Which of the following types of cartilaginous joints are slightly movable, and involve fibrocartilage?
A. Suture 
B. Syndesmosis 
C. Gomphosis 
D. Synchondrosis
E. Symphysis
A

E. Symphysis

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17
Q

True or false. Synovial membrane is everywhere articular cartilage is found .

A

False

- synovial membrane is found everywhere EXCEPT where articular cartilage is found

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18
Q

True or false. Fibrous joints do have a joint cavity.

A

False

- they don’t have a joint cavity

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19
Q

What is another term for immovable joints?

A

Synarthrotic

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20
Q

What is another term for slightly movable joints?

A

Amphiarthrosis

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21
Q

What are fontanels?

A

Extensions of the fibrous tissue

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22
Q

Where is the only place sutures occur?

A

Between the bones of the skull

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23
Q

Where is the only place sutures occur?

A

Between the bones of the skull

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24
Q

What allow bone growth so the skull can expand with the brain during childhood?

A

Sutures

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25
Q

What is the classification of suture joints?

A

Synostoses

- closed sutures (bone is fused to bone)

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26
Q

What structure is the connective tissue of a gomphosis joint?

A

Periodontal ligament

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27
Q

Which type of joints are connected exclusively by ligaments?

A

Syndesmoses

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28
Q

What are two types of syndesmoses joints?

A
  1. Tibiofibular joint - immovable (synarthrosis)

2. Interosseous membrane between radius and ulna (amphiarthrosis - slightly mobile)

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29
Q

What classification of cartilaginous joints involves hyaline cartilage that unites bones?

A

Synarthrosis

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30
Q 
Which of the following describes epiphyseal plates?
A. Amphiarthrosis 
B. Diarthrosis  
C. Synarthrosis 
D. Symphyses
A

C. Synarthrosis

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31
Q

What type of synchondrosis is the joint between the first rib and the manubrium?

A

Synarthrosis

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32
Q

True or false. Epiphyseal plates are temporary hyaline cartilage joints.

A

True

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33
Q 
Which of the following unites bones, and resists tension and compression?
A. Synchondrosis 
B. Symphyses 
C. Diarthrosis 
D. Amphiarthrosis
A

B. Symphyses

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34
Q

What are two slightly movable (amphiarthrosis) symphyses joints?

A
  1. IVD (intervertebral disc)

2. Pubic symphysis

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35
Q

What is the most movable type of joint?

A

Synovial

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36
Q

True or false. All synovial joints are diarthroses.

A

True

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37
Q

The ends of opposing bones in synovial joints are covered with ______ cartilage.

A

Hyaline

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38
Q

What is the function of articular cartilage at the ends of opposing bones?

A

Absorb compression

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39
Q

What are the two layers to the articular capsule of synovial joints?

A
  1. Fibrous layer

2. Synovial membrane

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40
Q

What layer of synovial joints are dense irregular connective tissue that helps strengthens the joint?
A. Fibrous layer
B. Synovial membrane

A

A. Fibrous layer

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41
Q

Which layer of the articular capsule of a synovial joint is lose connective tissue, lines the joint capsule and covers internal joint surfaces, and functions to make synovial fluid?
A. Fibrous layer
B. Synovial membrane

A

B. Synovial membrane

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42
Q

What type of immune cell is recruited to take care of tophi (gout)?

A

Macrophages

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43
Q

What is a filtrate of blood, arises from capillaries in the synovial membrane, and contains glycoprotein molecules secreted by fibroblasts?

A

Synovial fluid

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44
Q

What is the term for pressure on joints that squeeze synovial fluid into and out of the articular cartilage?

A

Weeping lubrication

- this nourishes cartilage cells and lubricates cartilage surfaces

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45
Q

True or false. Reinforcing ligaments are sometimes extracapsular and sometimes intracapsular.

A

True

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46
Q

Which layer of the articular capsule are reinforcing ligaments derived from?

A

Fibrous layer

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47
Q

True or false. Synovial joints are not supplied with sensory nerves to detect pain and monitor how much the capsule is being stretched.

A

False
- they are supplied with sensory nerve to detect pain (nociceptors) and monitor how much the capsule is being stretched (golgi tendon organs)

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48
Q

True or false. Synovial joints have rich blood supply

A

True

- most supply is to the synovial membrane

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49
Q

Where is most of the blood supply of synovial joints directed to?

A

They synovial membrane

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50
Q

What are 3 joints where an articular disc is found?

A
  1. Temporomandibular joint
  2. Sternoclavicular joint
  3. Knee joint
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51
Q

Why are synovial joints necessary as lubricating devices?

A
  1. Friction could overheat and destroy joint tissue

2. Joints are subjected to compressive forces

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52
Q

True or false. Bursae and tendon sheaths are synovial joints

A

False

- bursae and tendons are not synovial joints

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53
Q

What is the function of bursae and tendon sheaths?

A

Reduce friction between body elements

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54
Q

What is a flattened fibrous sac lined by synovial membrane?
A. Tendon sheath
B. Bursa

A

B. Bursa

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55
Q

What is an elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon?
A. Bursa
B. Tendon sheath

A

B. Tendon sheath

56
Q

What are 3 basic types of movement allowed by synovial joints?

A
  1. Gliding
  2. Angular movement
  3. Rotation
57
Q

What type of synovial joint movement involves one bone moving across the surface of another?
A. Gliding
B. Angular movement
C. Rotation

A

A. Gliding

58
Q

What type of movement allowed by synovial joints is when movement changes the angle between the bones?
A. Gliding
B. Angular movement
C. Rotation

A

B. Angular movement

59
Q

What type of movement allowed by synovial joints is movement around a bones long axis?
A. Gliding
B. Angular movement
C. Rotation

A

C. Rotation

60
Q

Where are 3 areas gliding occurs?

A
  1. Carpals
  2. Tarsals
  3. Articular processes of vertebrae
61
Q

What angular movement is away from midline?

A

Abduction

62
Q

What angular movement involves moving towards midline?

A

Adduction

63
Q

What angular movement involves the proximal end not moving, and the distal end moving in a circle?

A

Circumduction

64
Q

What is the only motion allowed between atlas and axis?

A

Rotation

65
Q

What motion involves lifting a body part superiorly?

A

Elevation

66
Q

What motion involves moving the elevated part inferiorly?

A

Depression

67
Q

What is nonangular movement anteriorly?

A

Protraction

68
Q

What is nonangular movement posteriorly?

A

Retraction

69
Q

What movement involves the forearm rotating laterally, with the palm facing anteriorly?

A

Supination

70
Q

What movement involves the forearm rotating medially, with the palm facing posteriorly?

A

Pronation

71
Q

What movement involves the thumb moving across the palm to touch the tip of other fingers?

A

Opposition

72
Q

What movement turns the sole of the foot medially?

A

Inversion

73
Q

What movement turns the sole of the foot laterally?

A

Eversion

74
Q

What movement involves lifting the foot so its superior surface approaches the shin?

A

Dorsiflexion

75
Q

What movement involves depressing the foot, elevating the heel?

A

Plantar flexion

76
Q

True or false. Plane joints are articular surfaces of flat planes?

A

True

77
Q

What are two examples of plane joints?

A
  1. Intertarsal joints

2. Intercarpal joints

78
Q

True or false. Plane joint movements are axial.

A

False

- they are nonaxial

79
Q

What type of joints involve a cylindrical end of one bone fitting into a trough on another bone?

A

Hinge joint

80
Q

True or false. Hinge joint movement is uniaxial - allowing movement around one axis only.

A

True

81
Q

True or false. Pivot joints are classified as uniaxial.

A

True

- the rotating bone turns only around its long axis

82
Q

What are two examples of pivot joints?

A
  1. Proximal radioulnar joint

2. Joint between the atlas and axis

83
Q

What joint allows moving bone to travel; such as side to side and back and forth?

A

Condylar (ellipsoid) joints

84
Q

Condylar (ellipsoid) joints are classified as?

A

Biaxial

- movement occurs around two axes

85
Q

What type of joint has articular surfaces that are concave and convex?

A

Saddle joints

86
Q

Saddle joints are classified as what type of joints?

A

Biaxial

87
Q

What is the joint type between the trapezium and 1st metatarsal?

A

Saddle joint

88
Q

What joint type has a spherical head of one bone fitting into a round socket of another?

A

Ball and socket joint

89
Q

What are ball and socket joints classified as?

A

Multi-axial

90
Q

What type of joint classification allows movement in all axes?

A

Multiaxial

91
Q

The humerus and glenoid, and femur and acetabulum are classified as which type of joints?

A

Multiaxial

92
Q

True or false. Articular surfaces shapes and surfaces determine movements allowed, and seldom play a major role in joint stability?

A

True

93
Q

True or false. Articular surfaces play a major role in joint stability.

A

False

- very rarely do they play a role in joint stability. Some exceptions include the hip joint, elbow joint, and ankle

94
Q

True or false. Capsules and ligaments of synovial joints prevent excessive motions?

A

True

95
Q

Ligaments on the medial or inferior side of a joint prevent excessive _____.

A

Abduction

96
Q

Lateral or superiorly located ligaments prevent excessive ____.

A

Adduction

97
Q

Those who are “double jointed” have more _____, leading to less ____.

A

Flexibility; stability

98
Q

Ligaments on the anterior side of a join resist ____ and ____ ____.

A

Extension; lateral rotation

99
Q

Ligaments on the posterior side of a joint resist ___ and ___ ___.

A

Flexion; medial rotation

100
Q

True or false. The shorter the ligaments of a joint they more range of motion is allowed.

A

False

- shorter ligaments = less range of motion

101
Q

What helps stabilize joints by keeping tension on tendons?

A

Muscle tone

102
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle joint

103
Q

What sternoclavicular joint ligament is connected from the sternum to the clavicle?
A. Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament
B. Interclavicular ligament
C. Costoclavicular ligament

A

A. Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament

104
Q

What sternoclavicular joint ligament is between the two clavicles?
A. Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament
B. Interclavicular ligament
C. Costoclavicular ligament

A

B. Interclavicular ligament

105
Q

What sternoclavicular joint ligament connected to the clavicle and the costal cartilage?
A. Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament
B. Interclavicular ligament
C. Costoclavicular ligament

A

C. Costoclaviular ligament

106
Q

What joint in the body is the most freely movable joint, and lacks stability?

A

Glenohumeral joint (shoulder)

107
Q

What joint in the body is most often dislocated due to its extreme lack of stability?

A

Glenohumeral joint (shoulder)

108
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A

SITS

  • subscaularis
  • infraspinatous
  • teres minor
  • supraspinatus
109
Q

The humeroulnar joint (elbow) allows what two movements?

A

Flexion and extension

110
Q

What are the muscles/ligaments that provide stability to the humeroulnar (elbow) joint? (5)

A
  1. Biceps brachii
  2. Triceps brachii
  3. Radial collateral ligament
  4. Ulnar collateral ligament
  5. Annular ligament of the radius
111
Q

The wrist joint is composed of what two joints?

A
  1. Radiocarpal joint

2. Intercarpal joint

112
Q

What wrist joint is between the radius and proximal carpals (scaphoid and lunate)?

A

Radiocarpal joint

113
Q

What wrist joint is the joint between the proximal and spiral rows or carpals?

A

Intercarpal joint

114
Q

Which joint of the wrist allows for flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and Circumduction?
A. Radiocarpal joint
B. Intercarpal joint

A

A. Radiocarpal joint

115
Q

Which joint of wrist is the joint allows for gliding movement only?
A. Radiocarpal joint
B. Intercarpal joint

A

B. Intercarpal joint

116
Q

The head of the femur articulates with the?

A

Acetabulum

117
Q

What is the largest and most complex joint in the human body?

A

Knee joint

118
Q

The knee joint acts primarily as a hinge joint, but does have some capacity for ____ rotation when the leg is flexed.

A

Rotation

119
Q

The knee joint has some capacity for rotation when the leg is ____.

A

Flexed

120
Q

The knee joint is structurally considered to be ____ and _____.

A

Compound and bicondyloid

121
Q

Which joint shares the joint cavity of the knee, and allows patella to glide across the distal femur?

A

Femoropatellar joint

122
Q

The capsule of the knee joint covers the ____ and ____ aspects of the knee.

A

Posterior and lateral

123
Q

True or false. The capsule of the knee joint covers the anterior aspect of the knee.

A

False

- it only covers the posterior and lateral aspects

124
Q

Anteriorly, the knee joint is covered by which 3 ligaments?

A
  1. Patellar ligament
  2. Medial patellar retinacula
  3. Lateral patellar retinacula
125
Q

True or false. The cruciate ligaments of the knee are named where they attach to the tibia.

A

True

126
Q

What are the 2 intracapsular ligaments?

A
  1. ACL

2. PCL

127
Q

What ligament prevents anterior living of the tibia?

A

ACL

128
Q

What ligament prevents forward sliding of the femur or backward displacement of the tibia?

A

PCL

129
Q

What are the only 2 movements the ankle joint allows?

A
  1. Dorsiflexion

2. Plantar flexion

130
Q

What articulations make up the ankle joint?

A
  1. United inferior ends of the tibia and fibula

2. The talus of the foot

131
Q

True or false. The ankle joint involves the United inferior ends of the tibia and fibula with the calcaneous.

A

False

- United inferior ends of the tibia and fibula with the talus

132
Q

Which of the following is the most common type of “wear and tear” arthritis?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Gouty arthritis

A

A. Osteoarthritis

133
Q

Which type of arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder, autoimmune, and is seropositive?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Gouty arthritis

A

B. Rheumatoid arthritis

134
Q

Which type of arthritis involves Uris acid buildup which causes pain in joints?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Gouty arthritis

A

C. Gouty arthritis

135
Q

What is the gender bias in gout?

A

Men

136
Q

Where does gout most commonly occur at?

A

1st MTP joint (base of big toe)

Anatomy (1 decks)

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