Joints

Question 1

What are the three types of joints?

Answer 1

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Question 2

What are the characteristics of fibrous joints?

Answer 2

Two bones connected by dense connective tissue; allows for little to no movement

Question 3

Where are fibrous joints predominantly found in the human body?

Answer 3

Sutures of the skull

Question 4

What are the characteristics of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 4

Two bones joined by fibrocartilaginous disks between articular surfaces; permit slight amounts of movement

Question 5

Where are cartilaginous joints found in the human body?

Answer 5

Sternocostal joints, intervertebral joints, and pubic symphysis

Question 6

What are the characteristics of synovial joints?

Answer 6

Two bones separated by a synovial cavity and supported by a connective tissue capsule and associated ligaments; permit the greatest degree of movement

Question 7

Where are synovial joints found in the human body?

Answer 7

Major joints of the upper and lower limbs

Question 8

What structure in synovial joints allows for smooth movements between adjacent bones?

Answer 8

Synovial/joint cavity

Question 9

What structure surrounds the synovial/joint cavity?

Answer 9

Articular capsule

Question 10

What are the features of an articular capsule?

Answer 10

Fibrous connective tissue attached to each bone just outside the area of the bone’s articulating surface

Question 11

What structure prevents friction between bones at a synovial joint?

Answer 11

Articular cartilage

Question 12

What type of cartilage is found in the articular cartilage of synovial joints?

Answer 12

Hyaline cartilage

Question 13

What structure lines the inner surface of the synovial joint capsule?

Answer 13

Synovial membrane

Question 14

What are the two parts of the synovial membrane?

Answer 14

Intima and subintima

Question 15

What is the function of the intima?

Answer 15

Secretion of synovial fluid

Question 16

What are the functions of synovial fluid?

Answer 16

Provides lubrication to reduce friction between the bones of the joint provides a degree of surface tension to hold the ends of the bones together; provide nourishment to the articular cartilage

Question 17

What is the subintima made of?

Answer 17

Highly vascularized loose connective tissue

Question 18

What happens as a result of irritation or injury of the synovial membrane?

Answer 18

Excess production of joint fluid or effusion

Question 19

What are the functions of ligaments?

Answer 19

Connect bones; strengthen and support the joint; limit range of motion

Question 20

What are the two primary types of ligaments?

Answer 20

Intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments

Question 21

Where are extrinsic ligaments located?

Answer 21

Outside of the articular capsule

Question 22

Where are intrinsic ligaments located?

Answer 22

Fused or incorporated into the wall of the capsule

Question 23

There are also intracapsular ligaments that are located in the side of the capsule, but they’re pretty rare

Answer 23

Cool

Question 24

What are the two types of stabilizers that support synovial joints?

Answer 24

Active/dynamic and passive/static stabilizers

Question 25

What are the passive/static stabilizers of the synovial joints?

Answer 25

Shape of the bones, fibrocartilaginous disks, the joint capsule, ligaments, and surface tension provided by the synovial fluid

Question 26

What are the active/dynamic stabilizers of the synovial joints?

Answer 26

The muscles and associated tendons that cross the joint