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us government > judicial branch > Flashcards

judicial branch Flashcards

1
Q

the article of the constitution that outlines the roles of the judicial branch

A

article iii

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2
Q

the power to establish lower courts

A

judicial branch

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3
Q

created district and circuit courts of appeals

A

judiciary act

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4
Q

the three levels of congress

A

supreme court
appeals court
district court

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5
Q

50 separate court systems at state level

A

state courts

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6
Q

courts authority to hear a case

A

jurisdiction

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7
Q

any cases where a person believes that a constitutional right has been violated

A

cases involving the constitution

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8
Q

cases where the government accuses a person of federal crimes

A

violations of federal laws

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9
Q

cases between states

A

controversies between states

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10
Q

cases between citizens of different states have a disagreement

A

disputes between parties of a different state

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11
Q

federal government sues either individual or company or in return the federal gov is sued

A

suits involving the federal government

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12
Q

cases between the government/citizens and a foreign government

A

cases involving foreign governments and treaties

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13
Q

any cases that concern accidents or crimes on high seas

A

cases based on admiralty or maritime laws

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14
Q

any case that concerns an american diplomat working in a us embassy overseas

A

cases involving us diplomats

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15
Q

only federal courts may hear such cases

A

exclusive jurisdiction

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16
Q

share authority between state and federal courts

A

concurrent jurisdiction

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17
Q

where trials are held and lawsuits begin

A

district courts

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18
Q

each state has at least one, have original jurisdiction, responsible for determining the facts of the case

A

district courts

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19
Q

**only courts where witnesses testify, juries hear cases, and verdicts are reached

A

district courts

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20
Q

review the decisions made in a lower district court

A

appeals court

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21
Q

authority to hear a vase appealed from a lower court

A

appellate jurisdiction

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22
Q

in order to appeal a case:

A

the judge applied the law incorrectly
the judge used the wrong procedure
new evidence
rights were violated

23
Q

there are ___ courts of appeals

A

12

24
Q

illinois is the __th appeals courts

A

7

25
Q

geographic region

A

circuit

26
Q

uphold original decisions, reverse that decision, return the case to the lower court, panel of 3 judges review record of case

A

appeals court

27
Q

there are _____ federal judges

A

677

28
Q

each district court has at least __ judges

A

2

29
Q

appeals courts have ___ to ___ judges

A

6 to 28

30
Q

the supreme court has ___ justices

A

9

31
Q

when the president submits the name to the senators from the candidates state before making it official

A

senatorial courtesy

32
Q

formal qualifications

A

none

33
Q

informal qualifications

A

law school/legal background
former lawyer
former judge

34
Q

each district has a us ________ to represent the government and prosecute the people

A

attorney

35
Q

assist by making arrests, collecting fines, serving subpoenas

A

us marshals

36
Q

how long is the fixed term?

A

no fixed term

37
Q

head judge on the court, has one vote like the others

A

chief justice

38
Q

roles of chief justice

A

presides when court is in session
presides when justices are in conference to vote upon a case
administrator of court
assigns who will write opinion of court
administers the oath of office

39
Q

us chief justice

A

john roberts

40
Q

constitutions description of the supreme courts power is ______

A

vague

41
Q

power to rule on the constitutionality of laws

A

judicial review

42
Q

a term of the supreme court begins first monday in ______ or until late _______.

A

october or july

43
Q

oral arguments are heard during

A

sittings

44
Q

justices study the cases and work on their opinions during

A

recesses

45
Q

2 weeks each month, each side allowed 30 minutes to argue

A

oral arguments

46
Q

majority opinion

A

victor

47
Q

dissenting opinion

A

loser

48
Q

view that the constitution should be interpreted according to the original intent of the framers

A

judicial restraint

49
Q

view that argues judges should use their power broadly to further justice and apply present day values to constitutional decisions

A

judicial activism

50
Q

power to create new laws, add amendments, to impeach

A

congress

51
Q

us supreme court
us court of appeals
district court

A

federal

52
Q

state supreme court
intermediate appeals court
state trial court

A

state

53
Q

constitution, 2 or more states

A

federal

54
Q

murder, burglary, state laws, minimum wage

A

state

us government (4 decks)

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