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Geography Yr9 > June Exams > Flashcards

June Exams Flashcards

1
Q

What is population density

A

The number of people in an area (usually per km2)

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2
Q

how to figure out population density

A

Total population/ area

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3
Q

Factors affecting distribution

A

Climate
Segment factors
Soil
Water
Economic
Minerals

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4
Q

What’s a choropleth map

A

To show the relative density of an area

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5
Q

What is migration

A

The movement of people from one pace to another

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6
Q

definition of emigrant

A

People who leave a place

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7
Q

Definition of imigrant

A

People who arrive in a country

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8
Q

What’s distribution

A

The spread of people in an area

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9
Q

Name 5 physical positive reasons for distribution

A

Good water supply
Good food supply
Dense forest
Open grassland for animals
Good soil for growing crops

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10
Q

Name 5 physical negative reasons for distribution

A

Poor water supply
Poor food supply
Poor soils for farming
Few natural resources
Too wet or too dry

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11
Q

Name 3 human positive reasons for distribution

A

Industry + jobs
Money for investment
Good railways,roads, ports etc

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12
Q

Name 3 human negative reasons for distribution

A

Few jobs
Poor water supply
Lack of investment

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13
Q

What the definition of a refugee

A

people forced to flee their own country and seek safety in another country

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14
Q

What are push factors

A

Push factors are reasons people want to leave an area

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15
Q

What are pull factors

A

Reasons why people want to move to a particular area

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16
Q

List five push factors

A

High crime
Crop failure
Droughts
Flooding
War

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17
Q

List five pull factors

A

More wealth
Better services
Good climate
Safer, less crime
More fertile land

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18
Q

Positive reasons for low population density

A

It minimizes the problem of congestion and overcrowding.

It avails enough land for settlement

Less possibility of slum development since people are few.

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19
Q

Negative reasons for low population density

A

A limited supply of labour.

Small market size for goods and services due to low demand.

It is expensive for the government to provide social services to a few users.

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20
Q

Migration definition

A

movement from one part of an area to another.

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21
Q

Immigration definition

A

People who arrive in a country

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22
Q

Emigration definition

A

People who leave a country

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23
Q

Positive impacts on migration of the source country

A

Less pressure on natural resources, including food and water.

There is less pressure on services such as education

Unemployment can reduce as there is less competition for jobs.

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24
Q

Negative impacts of migration on the source country

A

Cultural clash

Human trafficking

Loss of young people

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25
Q

Negative impact of migration on the destination country

A

Pressure on public services such as schools, housing, and healthcare.

Overcrowding.

Language and cultural barriers can exist.

Increased levels of pollution.

Increased pressure on natural resources.

Racial tensions and discrimination

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26
Q

Positive impacts of migration on the receiving country

A

Workers will work for low wages and are prepared to do jobs that local people do not want.

Increased cultural diversity.

Skills gaps are filled.

Boost to the local economy.

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27
Q

Positive reasons for high population density

A

cultural diversity,

economic growth,

increased demand for goods and services

cost efficiency.

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28
Q

negative reasons for high population density

A

As the population increases there will be more chances for the exploitation of natural resources.

Environmental Degradation and Others.

The number of unproductive consumers is increasing.

Unemployment.

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29
Q

Physical reasons for high population density

A

water supply,

climate,

relief

vegetation,

soils and availability of natural resources and energy.

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30
Q

human reasons for high population density

A

The availability of jobs and economic activities within a region

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31
Q

When did the ice age in Britain begin

A

About 1,000,000 years ago

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32
Q

How long did the ice age in Britain last for

A

10.000 years

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33
Q

Where did the ice that covered nearly all of the uk grow from

A

The Scandinavian ice sheet

34
Q

Where was the Scandinavian ice sheet centred on

A

Sweden, Finland

35
Q

Name a mountain range where glaciers formed

A

The alps

36
Q

What percentage of the earth was covered by ice

A

30%

37
Q

When did the ice age start

A

2 mil years ago during which there where 4 very cold periods

38
Q

What are ice advances called and when did the last one begin

A

glaciations
70.000 years ago

39
Q

What are warm periods between these glaciations called

A

Interglacial periods

40
Q

What caused the ice age

A

Variations in the suns energy
A massive volcanic eruption
Changes in the earths orbit

41
Q

What are glaciers

A

Large rivers of ice which move slowly down hill and change the chaos of the land by erosion and deposition

42
Q

Characteristics of a glacier

A

A glacier is a large, perennial accumulation of crystalline ice, snow, rock, sediment, and often liquid water

43
Q

Where does freeze thawing happen

A

In areas were temperatures regularly rises above and falls below freezing

44
Q

How does freeze thawing happen

A

Water collects in cracks
Water freezes plus expands
Ice melts and contracts
This happened over and over again till rock is broken

45
Q

What is freeze thaw weathering

A

A type of weather where water repeatedly freezes and puts pressure on rocks to breach them down

46
Q

What are 2 glacial erosion processes

A

Abrasion
plucking

47
Q

What’s plucking

A

Tearing away of blocks of rock which have become frozen onto the base and sides of a glacier

48
Q

What’s abrasion

A

Wearing away of the rocks at the base and sides of the glacier.
The ice acts like and enormous piece of sandpaper

49
Q

What does abrasion lead to

A

The valley getting steeper, deeper and wider the bedrock is polished smooth by the ice as it moves across

50
Q

What are striations

A

The long grooves left in the bedrock due to the grinding

51
Q

Why are striations important

A

They show what direction the ice was moving

52
Q

What’s a corrie

A

A steep sided bowl shaped hallow at the head of a glaciation valley
Often described as an armchair shaped hallow

53
Q

How is a corrie formed

A

Snow collects in a natural hallow on the side of a mountain
Further snow collects here over time
This weight compresses the snow underneath Turing it into ice
Hallow is deepens and widened
This over deepening leads to an armchair characteristics of a corrie and causes a rock lip to form

54
Q

How are pyramidal peaks formed

A

When 3 or more Corrie cut backwards into the same mountain

55
Q

An example of a pyramidal peak is

A

The Matterhorn in Switzerland/italy

56
Q

What’s an arête and how is it formed

A

A steep rocky ridge between two Corries

57
Q

u shaped valley how is it formed

A

as the glacier flows down an old v-shaped valley it erodes the side and bottom of the valley by abrasion and plucking

58
Q

What are crevasses and how are they formed

A

They are large cracks in ice
They are formed when when the ice is forced to expand and stretch and then crack as if flows down a steep hole

59
Q

What is a ribbon lake and how is it formed

A

These are long narrow lakes found on the valley floor
When the glacier retreats the melt water fills the areas that have been cut out by the glaciers erosion

60
Q

What’s a moraine and how is it formed

A

A type of land form that is created when a glacier deposits the material that it has been transporting. It’s made up of unsourced angular rocks

61
Q

What is glacial deposition

A

Deposition occurs when a rise in temperature causes ice to melt and the glacier no longer able to hold as much material so it dumps it
It will be deposited either on the valley floor or across lowlands at the foot of highland areas

62
Q

What’s a moraine

A

large amounts of rock that have been deposited

63
Q

What’s a surface moraine

A

Pieces of rock eroded from the hill side or fallen from slopes above

64
Q

What’s a ground moraine

A

Has been eroded from the rock underneath
It has been crushed to small pieces found on the ground or below the glacier

65
Q

What’s a terminal moraine

A

Found at the front of a glacier or ice sheets
It marks the furthest point the ice has reached

66
Q

What’s a recessional moraine

A

Forms where a retreating glacier remained stationary for sufficient time to produce a mound of material
Formation is the same for a terminal moraine but they occur where the retreating ice paused

67
Q

What’s boulder clay

A

Ice carries material both on top and underneath
This material is is deposited as a covering of soil called boulder clay or till

68
Q

How does blonder clay affect people

A

Slopes and fertile soil can be good for farming
Slopes can be good for building on
The land can be water logged and hard to plough

69
Q

How are drumlin formed

A

By boulder clay
But there can be a debate on how these are formed most people accept that the ice became overloaded with sediment

70
Q

What is a drumlin field

A

A cluster of dozens of similarly shaped sized and oriented drumlin

71
Q

What is a drumlin

A

They are elongated features egg shaped that can reach a kilometre or more in length, 500 metered in width

72
Q

What are erratics

A

Large boulder that have been carried by a glacier and then deposited in a different area of rock type

73
Q

Galcial features in Northern Ireland

A

Donegal ice sheet which moved north-eastwards
A Scottish ice sheet moved across N.I to the east
An Irish ice sheet that moved east to north
a re-advanced of scottish which affected the costal, areas of East and North of Antrim and Dery /London derry.

74
Q

What’s an avalanche

A

A large mass of snow and ice that moves rapidly down a mountain side

75
Q

How do avalanches occur

A

Change in temperature
Skiers

76
Q

Effects of an avalanche

A
  • death
  • burried buildings, animals + people
  • damaging crops + killing pants
  • up rooting trees.
77
Q

how can impacts of an avalanche be reduced.

A
  • fences
  • posts
  • nets
  • mounds to slow down the avalanche.
78
Q

Facts about The Mer de Glace glacier

A

It’s 7km long
200m thick
Moves about 70 meters each year
It was discovered in 1741
It’s located in the French Alps
It’s retreaded kilometres

79
Q

Case studio Mexico to America pull factors

A
  • In Mexico 5% of the population are undernourished but in the USA this is not a problem.
  • The wage in Mexico per hour is only $3.49 but in America it is $6.75
  • His two daughters are often ill, going to the USA would get them better health care.
  • in the USA there is a higher amount of people that have a car than people in Mexico
80
Q

Case studio Mexico to America push factors

A
  • 18% of people in Mexico live on less than 60 pence per day, it is less than 1% in the USA
  • and Unemployment is rising in Zacatecas.Mining is no longer as profitable.

Geography Yr9 (6 decks)

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