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Question 1

What is the Q angle in women?

Answer 1

16 degrees

Question 2

What is the Q angle in men?

Answer 2

12 degrees

Question 3

M or F more likely to have hip fracture

Answer 3

F

Question 4

What are the 3 bones of the hip?

Answer 4

Pubis, ischium and ileum

Question 5

What is the acetabulum?

Answer 5

Deep socket of the hip bone into which the head of the femur fits.

Question 6

What is the acetabular labrum + is its role?

Answer 6

Cartilage rim, increases depth of socket = increases stability

Question 7

How many strong spiral extra-articular ligaments in hip joint?

Answer 7

3

Question 8

How many intra-articular ligaments in hip joint + what is its name?

Answer 8

1 - ligamentum teres femoris or round ligament of femur

Question 9

What are the 2 major types of hip fractures?

Answer 9

Intra and extracapsular

Question 10

Which has a higher risk of avascular necrosis of femoral head - intra and extracapsular fractures?

Answer 10

Intracapsular

Question 11

What are the 4 major sings of posterior dislocation of hip (i.e. from car crash)?

Answer 11

shortened leg, flexed, internally rotated, adducted (towards other leg)

Question 12

What is the nerve supply (+roots) to posterior thigh compartment?

Answer 12

Sciatic (L4-S3)

Question 13

What are the 3 compartments of leg thigh?

Answer 13

Post, medial, ant

Question 14

What are the 3 compartments of the leg?

Answer 14

Post, lat, ant

Question 15

What is the nerve supply to medial thigh compartment?

Answer 15

Obturator

Question 16

What is the nerve supply (+roots) to anterior thigh compartment?

Answer 16

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

Question 17

What are the 2 common actions of muscles in the posterior thigh compartment?

Answer 17

Hip extension + knee flexion

Question 18

What is the common action of muscles in the medial thigh compartment?

Answer 18

Hip adduction

Question 19

What is the common action of muscles in the anterior thigh compartment?

Answer 19

Knee extension

Question 20

What aspect of thigh are major vessels i.e. the femoral artery running through.

Answer 20

Medial

Question 21

What is the nerve supply of the posterior compartment of leg?

Answer 21

Tibial (branch of sciatic)

Question 22

What is the nerve supply of the anterior compartment of leg?

Answer 22

Deep fibular nerve (branch of common fibula nerve which is branch of sciatic)

Question 23

Damage to the common fibula nerve leads to what sign?

Answer 23

Foot drop (high stepping gate as cannot dorsiflex)

Question 24

What is the nerve supply of the lateral compartment of leg?

Answer 24

Superficial fibula (branch of common fibula nerve which is branch of sciatic)

Question 25

What are the 3 common action of muscles in the post leg compartment?

Answer 25

Plantar flexion, flexion of toes, inversion

Question 26

What are the 2 common action of muscles in the ant leg compartment?

Answer 26

Dorsiflexion, extension of toes

Question 27

What is the common action of muscles in the lat leg compartment?

Answer 27

Eversion

Question 28

What is compartment syndrome?

Answer 28

Increased pressure which can = restricting blood flow + can damage muscles and nerves.

Question 29

What compartment in leg most common for compartment syndrome?

Answer 29

Anterior (2 bones, interosseous membrane between bones, thick deep fascia + IM septum that does not stretch)

Question 30

List some causes of compartment syndrome?

Answer 30

Fractures that cause bleeding, overuse = muscle swelling.

Question 31

Treatment of compartment syndrome?

Answer 31

Fasciotomy to relieve pressure

Question 32

What is the difference between deep and superficial veins?

Answer 32

Deep - often paired with arteries - material pulsation helps with return. Superficial - sub cut, don’t follow arteries, drain into deep veins, prone to varicosities.

Question 33

Tendon reflexes memory aid:

Answer 33

Achilles (sciatic) - S1,S2, bucked my shoe (ankle). Patellar (femoral) - L3,L4, kick the door (knee). Biceps (musculocutaneous) - C5,C6 pick up sticks. Triceps (radial) - C7,C8 shut the gate.