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S2 Biology > Keeping The Body Working > Flashcards

Keeping The Body Working Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 nutrients?

A

Carbohydrates, fibre, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, water

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2
Q

Name an example of food with carbohydrates

A

Bread, potatoes, rice, nuts and pasta

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3
Q

Name a food that contains fats

A

Butter, oil and fried food

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4
Q

Name a food that contains protein

A

Eggs, fish, red meat and chicken

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5
Q

Name a food that contains vitamins

A

Citrus fruit, potatoes and berries

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6
Q

Name a food that contains fibre

A

Dried fruit, popcorn and whole grains

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7
Q

Name a food that contains water

A

Cucumber, watermelon and lettuce

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8
Q

Name a food that contains minerals

A

Meat, cereals and fish

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9
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

A balanced diet is a diet consisting of different types of food and providing the correct amount of each of the 7 nutrients

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10
Q

What do carbohydrates supply us with?

A

Slow releasing energy

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11
Q

What are the two main types of carbohydrates?

A

Sugars- fast releasing Ex/ chocolate, grapes and soft drinks
Starches- slow releasing Ex/ bread, pasta and potatoes

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12
Q

What is fibre?

A

A carbohydrate which can’t be digested

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13
Q

How does fibre help our digestive system?

A

It adds bulk to our foods and aids it’s movement along our digestive tract

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14
Q

How do proteins help our body?

A

They help us grow and repair body tissues

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15
Q

How do fats help our body?

A

They provide us with energy that can be stored and isulation

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16
Q

How do vitamins help our body?

A

Vitamins and minerals help prevent certain diseases

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17
Q

How does water help our body?

A

Water is needed for chemical reactions and helps transport materials around our body

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18
Q

Why do we need food?

A

Food provided nutrients which are required for energy so you can grow and do all the functions of the body. Food also keeps the immune system healthy

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19
Q

When does malnutrition occur?

A

Malnutrition occurs when your diet does not contain the right amount of each of the 7 nutrients

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20
Q

What is a deficiency disease?

A

A deficiency disease is caused by the lack of an element in the diet, usually a particular vitamin or mineral

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21
Q

What causes kwashiorkor?

A

A severe lack of protein

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of kwashiorkor?

A

To much fluid in the body, tissue swelling, swollen stomach area and anemia

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23
Q

What causes scurvy?

A

A lack of vitamin c

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24
Q

What are the symptoms of scurvy?

A

Tired and weak, joint pain, swollen gums

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25
Q

What causes rickets?

A

A lack of vitamin d or calcium

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26
Q

What are the symptoms of rickets?

A

Soft deformed bones

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27
Q

What causes eye disorders?w

A

Lack of vitamin a

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28
Q

What are the symptoms of eye disorders?

A

Headaches, night blindness and excessive tearing

29
Q

What causes anaemia?

A

Lack of red blood cell production (low iron)

30
Q

What are the symptoms of anaemia?

A

Paleness, tiredness

31
Q

In order to test a food, if it is a solid what must be done?

A

It musty be ground up in water and then filtered to make a solution for testing

32
Q

What is the test for starch?

A

If iodine solution tunes from yellow/brown to blue/black starch is present

33
Q

What is the test for reducing sugars?

A

If Benedict’s solution changes from blue to orange when heated, reducing sugars are present

34
Q

What is the test for proteins?

A

If Biurets solution turns from blue to violet (purple) proteins are present

35
Q

What are complex carbohydrates (such as starch) made up from?

A

Small units called sugar molecules (glucose)

36
Q

What are proteins made up from?

A

Small units called amino acids

37
Q

What are fats made up from?

A

Fats are made up from subunits called fatty acids and glycerol

38
Q

What do humans use their teeth for?

A

To bite and chew food and mechanically breaking down the large pieces into bite size pieces

39
Q

What is the function of the canines?

A

Canines are used to rip and tear

40
Q

What is the function of the incisors?

A

Incisors are for slicing and cutting

41
Q

What is the function of the pre-molars and the molars?

A

The molars are for crushing and grinding

42
Q

What is digestion?

A

Digestion is the process of breaking large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones that can be absorbed into the blood stream

43
Q

What is the digestive system made up from?

A

It is made up from the Alimentary canal, a long muscular tube running from the mouth to the anus

44
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

The stomach has layers of muscle that contract and relax and it churns the food. This mixes the food with digestive juices

45
Q

Where do the products of digestion go?

A

The products of digestion are absorbed into the blood stream through the wall of the small intestine

46
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

The small intestine has lots of small vessels into which the products of digestion are absorbed into the blood stream

47
Q

What is the order of the digestive system?

A

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

48
Q

What are the properties of the small intestine?

A

The small intestine is very long and it’s inner wall is highly folded into villi making for a large surface area for absorption

49
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

The large intestine absorbs water from the remaining undigested food material

50
Q

What is the unwanted waste material from digestion called?

A

Faeces

51
Q

What do digestive juices contain?

A

Digestive juices contain enzymes which are special protein molecules made in our cells

52
Q

What is the function of enzymes?

A

They speed up chemical reactions

53
Q

What do different enzymes do?

A

Different enzymes speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats

54
Q

What is the substance an enzyme acts upon called?

A

It’s substrate

55
Q

What are the substances produced from enzymes called?

A

Products

56
Q

Amylase speeds up the breakdown of what?

A

Starch into simple sugars (maltose)

57
Q

Where is amylase produced?

A

Amylase is produced in cells in the salivary glands and in the pancreas

58
Q

Proteins speeds up the breakdown of what?

A

Protease breaks down protein into amino acids

59
Q

Lipase speeds up the breakdown of what?

A

Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

60
Q

What is the food test for fats?

A

If ethanol and water turn from colourless to cloudy, fats are present

61
Q

What is the test for solid fat?

A

Rub some solid fat on a filter paper, if translucent fat is present

62
Q

If a substance is soluble what does that mean?

A

It can dissolve in water

63
Q

What is the digestive system made up from?

A

Mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, appendix, rectum and anus

64
Q

In order for starch to be able to pass through the blood stream what must happen?

A

It has to be broken down into smaller soluble molecules

65
Q

Why are enzymes specific?

A

Enzymes are specific to a type of subtate

66
Q

What is specificity?

A

Specificity is where enzymes can only fit one particular substrate

67
Q

Where do enzymes bind to the substrate?

A

The active site (this catalyses the reaction)

68
Q

What is a substrate?

A

The substance an enzyme reacts upon

69
Q

What makes an enzyme specific?

A

An enzyme is said to be specific to its subtracts, they should fit like lock and key

S2 Biology (3 decks)

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