Key Terms of Animal Behaviour

Question 1

Etymology?

Answer 1

The study of animal behaviour

Question 2

What does an innate organism mean?

Answer 2

A very young and fertile organism from the day it is born from

Question 3

Instinct?

Answer 3

Something that you have that is programmed within you from the day that has been born

Question 4

Fixed Action Pattern?

Answer 4

A series of actions that one goes through to completion

Question 5

Example of Fixed Action?

Answer 5

A goose sits on eggs to incubate.
If an egg pulls away from the nest, the goose uses its beak to shove it back into the nest.
If something egg like is near the egg, the goose pulls that as well into the nest.

Question 6

Imprinting

Answer 6

Not learned behaviour but behaviour that happens according to a critical period in an organisms’ lifetime.

Question 7

Example of imprinting

Answer 7

A group of goose chicks will follow the mother goose until they get older.
So If the mother goose is removed then the goose chicks will follow whatever the organism acting like the mother

Question 8

Associated Learning

Answer 8

When one or two stimuli are associated together because of some effect

Question 9

Example of Associated Learning?

Answer 9

If you ring a bell to a dog and give them meat powder and repeatedly do that n times. The dogs will associate the bell ringing with meat powder and so start to salivate

Question 10

Another Example of Associated Learning

Answer 10

A bird eats the bird food in the bird feeder once and so returns to the same location in search of food

Question 11

How do you stop Associated Learning?

Answer 11

Remove the stimuli eg: The meat powder or the birdfeeder

Question 12

Trial and Error

Answer 12

Teaching an organisms some complex behaviour mechanism in which they can understand the method or how a process can work

Question 13

An example of Trial and Error

Answer 13

B.F. Skinner put a mouse in the skinner box which had lights speaker and a lever, teaching the mouse how to pull the lever with sounds and flashing lights

Question 14

Another Example of Trial and Error

Answer 14

Josh Klein used a crow to memorize and put quarter coins into a vending machine.
So that the crow would search the city for some coins and bring it back to Josh.
So that he could put into the vending machine

Question 15

What is Operant Conditioning in Trial and Error?

Answer 15

Teaching an organism a method in which they would solve a process to completion

Question 16

Habituation

Answer 16

When you get the same stimuli over and over again so that the organism starts to ignore it

Question 17

Example of Habituation

Answer 17

If a human goes around a prairie dog at first they will make a warning scream. If the human repeatedly goes around the prairie dog it will ignore it and stop the scream

Question 18

Another Example of Habituation

Answer 18

If a shrimp is placed on the sea anemone tentacle, the anemone will eat it. If a piece of plastic is placed on the sea anemone tentacle, the plastic is eaten.
But when the anemone realises its not getting any nutritional benefit from eating plastic. It stops eating the plastic on the tentacle and ignores it

Question 19

Observational Learning

Answer 19

Watching another organism and mimicking the other organisms’ actions

Question 20

Example of Observational learning

Answer 20

An octopus won’t initially be able to open a jar but if one octopus watches another octopus open a jar then they will be able to open the jar after learning it

Question 21

Another Example of Observational Learning

Answer 21

A human holding a baby chimp sticks his tongue out. The chimp with human then copies his action and also sticks its tongue out

Question 22

Neuron involved in Observational Learning

Answer 22

Mirror Neurons

Question 23

Role of Mirror Neurons

Answer 23

A percentage of neurons allow somebody to do an action.
The same mirror neurons are firing in an organism when they practice and do the same action

Question 24

Insight

Answer 24

An ideal experience that helps to counter a problem or scenario.

Question 25

Organisms that wouldn’t have insight?

Answer 25

Low level organism with low intellligence and capacity

Question 26

Example of insight

Answer 26

Chimpanzee is placed within a room with a banana at the ceiling and some boxes with different heights, so the boxes are arranged into ascending heights and the chimpanzee reaches the ceiling to get the banana

Question 27

Link between social awareness and intelligence.

Answer 27

High level intelligence is achieved when an organisms is able to observe the effect of members or take care of themselves and other members (social awareness)

Low level intelligence is here you only take care of yourself and lack with social awareness