Key Terms Test 1 Flashcards
Beureaucracy
(Max Weber) thought to be the ideal Classical management and organizational design structure. Organized in a hierarchy of authority. Individuals working under this closed system have clear details on their job description/expectations and does not receive input from outside environment. Not responsive to change but is efficient.
Hawthorne studies
studies conducted at an electric plant to determine the effects of the environment and work conditions on productivity. study found that paying special attention to workers has greater effect on productivity than external variables.
Human relations movement
developed in reaction to the shortcomings of classical scientific management. Started in the 1920’s and emphasized behavioral theory and the human aspect of productivity within an organization.
Intrapreneurial
Creating another service or product line within the organization to improve customer service or performance of the product line.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Postulates that people in the workplace are motivated by a desire to satisfy internal needs.Basic needs are met in order by what is most important to them first. (safety, social, esteem, food etc).
Scientific Management
A classical system of management attributed to mechanical engineer Fredrick Taylor that used time and motion studies and piece rate as a system to improve worker productivity.
hard skills
linear competencies that tend to be quantitative and measurable.
Interactive leaders
leaders who use a management style that promotes open communication and group consensus when making decisions.
Multitasking
concurrently executing two or more functions. The ability to perform two or more daily, work, play, leisure activities simultaneously. Ex: washing dishes/talking on phone
Role delineation
identification of tasks and duties to be performed by specific individuals on the basis of their credentials, duties, and skills in the workplace.
Skill sets
special competencies in performance or in a particular context
Soft skills
Spatial competencies that tend to be qualitative and not easy to measure. Are more intuitive and oriented to interpersonal communication. Ex: in OT, soft skills are signs and symptoms of a clients medical diagnosis, strengths and weaknesses of the client, personal characteristics. OT managers must use hard skills which are using data and spreadsheets.
Transactional Leadership
management style similar to mentoring that enables others to contribute to their own development and professional growth.
HMO- health maintenance organization
A prepaid organized delivery system where the organization and the primary care physicians assume some financial risk for the care provided to its enrolled members.
Indemnity policies
standard fee-for-service insurance policies provided by employers, organizations or individuals . usually most expensive, this insurance covers service from any provider
Managed care
all kinds of integrated delivery systems in contrast to un-managed fee for service care. “The entire range of utilization control tools that are applied to manage the practices of physicians and others regardless of the setting in which they practice.
Point of service plan (POS)
an open access plan similar to an HMO that provides limited coverage for self referral outside the network.
Preferred provider organization (PPO)
an entity that acts as a broker between the purchaser of care and the provider… consumers have the option of using the preferred providers available within the plan, or not.
Utilization review
the review of cases after health care services are conducted.
adaptive systems
are able to change in the response to events and stimuli
Chaos science
Knowledge and understanding based upon principles of chaos theory, including emergent systems, self organization and nonlinearity.
Complexity science
knowledge and understanding that transcend linear systems to include a multifaceted world view
Dynamical systems theory (DNS)
analysis of systmes of organizations that change
Emergent behavior
when a system begins to organize itself, particular or systematic behaviors become manifest which may indicate a new level of stage of organization
Linear model
based upon the assumption that for every change in a variable (x) there is an equal and proportionate change in variable (y) and this relationship can be plotted along a straight line. Western civilization operates very much on a linear model.
network
organization of connections in a manner or pattern that allow for coupling or communication across, between and among parts of organizations
Nonlinear model
When a change in variable X has unequal and disproportionate changes in variable y one has a nonlinear model. relationship can not be symbolized using a straight line. ex: u shaped curve, j shaped curve
Open system
open to input from other systems, are not closed and self-contained. Susceptible to input or affect from other systems.
System
an organization of how parts are put together to operate.
Mission
an organizations core underlying purpose or basis for its existence, focus and actions
Scenario development
formulation of possible options or outcomes with varied levels of desirability or likelihood of occurring in the future of an organization or system.
Strategic planning
the process of ensuring that an organization’s current purpose, aspirations, goals, activities, and strategies are connected to plans that maximize its performance and support its mission
Strategy
selected approach or activity that enables the achievement of organizational objectives and goals.
SWOT analysis
specific step in the strategic planning process that identifies and analyzes an organization’s internal environment (strengths/weaknesses) and external environment (opportunities/threats) that impact sustainability or growth.
Top-down appraoch
management style in which decisions are made in the upper levels of organizations without the input or participation of staff from throughout the organization.
Vision
the ideal state or ultimate level of achievement to which an organization aspires.
Accounts payable
the purchase of goods and services on credit
Accounts receivable
claims resulting from the delivery of goods or services on credit
Balance sheet
reports the amount of assets, liabilities and owners’ or stockholders’ equity at a specified moment
Breakeven
The amount of revenue is equal to the total expenses of a business or program
Budgeting
understanding how much money a business or program has and where it goes, followed by planning how to best allocate those funds
capital expenditure
payment by a business for basic assets (property, fixtures, machinery) but not for day to day operations (Payroll, inventory, maintenance, advertising).
Cash flow
the movement of money into and out of a business that determines its solvency
Depreciation
a noncash expense that reduces the value of an asset as a result of wear and tear, age, or decreased utility.
Direct cost
those costs that can be directly assigned to an activity with relative ease and a high degree of accuracy.
Expenses
Costs incurred to earn revenues, costs used up or expiring during an accounting period, and costs for which the future value cannot be measured.
