key topic 2 Flashcards
Why did hitler enter politics
When and where
Hitler was angered by the Treaty of Versailles and being ‘stabbed in the back’ by the November criminals.
In response, Hitler joined the German Worker’s Party (DAP) in September 1919.
When hitler joined the Nazi party
By 1920, Hitler had entered the party’s leadership and refashioned the German Worker’s Party into the National Socialist German Worker’s Party (NSDAP), shortened to the Nazi Party.
Through this new name, Hitler tried to appeal to as many people as possible.
When did hitler become leader of nazi party
By July 1921, Hitler became the leader of the Nazi Party.
Who and when was the 25-point programme
What were the aims
Hitler and the founder of the Nazi party, Anton Drexler, wrote the 25-point programme in 1920.
The programme had three main aims:
to overturn the Treaty of Versailles.
to stop democracy as a political system.
to rid Germany of the Jews who harmed the economy.
Who were the SA what did they help
SA was a group of ex-soldiers who asserted Nazi power.
The Nazi Party got stronger through the violence of the SA.
Who led the SA and what was their nickname
Ernst Röhm led this group.
They were nicknamed the ‘Brownshirts’ because of their brown uniforms.
PFD- SA
Between 1930 and 1934, the SA grew from 400,000 to 3 million.
Long term causes for Munich putsch
-resentment against the Treaty of Versailles and its clauses, hatred of being ‘stabbed in the back’ and they thought that the Weimar Republic was fundamentally weak.
- Hitler wanted to copy the example of Mussolini in Italy. In 1922, Mussolini led the right-wing Fascist Party in overthrowing democracy and setting up a dictatorship.
Immediate causes for Munich putsch
Nazis were angered by the French occupation of the Ruhr in 1923. The Putsch was triggered by Stresemann calling off passive (non-violent) resistance.
Rohm had introduced Hitler and Ludendorff and this helped to trigger the Putsch.
Because of this and the fragility (could be easily damaged) of the Weimar Republic in 1923, Hitler assumed the German people would support his Putsch.
wanted to overthrow republic- resnemtnet
Events of the putsch
8th November 1923, Hitler and 600 SA troops entered a meeting of the Bavarian government in Munich.
Threatening the government leaders, Hitler forced the government to support him.
The head of the SA, Röhm, took control of the local police and army headquarters.
But Ludendorff (the general who told the Kaiser to abdicate in World War One) secretly let the government leaders go.
Events of the putsch - 9 th to 11 th Nov
On the 9th November 1923, Hitler marched on Munich
Hitler wanted to make himself the President of Germany.
State police met the Nazis. Shots were fired. 3 policemen and 16 Nazis were killed. Ludendorff and Röhm were arrested.
Hitler fled and hid at a friend’s house.
On 11th November 1923, Hitler was discovered and arrested for high treason (crime of betraying one’s country).
PFD - events of Munich putsch
Munich members
Hitler marched on Munich with 1,000 SA troops and 2,000 volunteers.
NSDAP - over 500000 members
short term consequences of Munich putsch
hitler sentenced to prison for 5 years but only served 9 months
nazi party banned, hitler not allowed to speak in public until 1927
what did it look like short term of Munich putsch
the short term, it looked like the Nazis had failed but in the long term, Hitler successfully used events to his advantage
long term consequences of Munich putsch
hitler managed to use the events to his advantage
- used the trial to give nazis publicity
- gave exposure to nazi ideas
why nazis struggled in the mid-1920s
Weimar Republic was succeeding
Germany = politically stable, no need for nazi extremism
what did th nazis have to do to achieve success in the mid 1920s
participate in weimar republics democratic elections
how did th nazis feel about legal elections
Hitlr said the nazi part would have to ‘hold their noses ‘
Nazi in the reichstag PFD
1924- 1928
reichstag seats
32 - 1924
12 - 1928
nazi membership PFD -
1925-29
1925-27000
1929-130000
how hitler expanded the SA
each region of germany = run by local nazi official who reported to hitler
grew the SA to intimidate opponents
make Nazis appear strong
what was the conference in FEB 1926 and what was it about
Bamberg conference - resolve tension between northern and southern groups of the nazi party
what was the tensions between northern and southern groups of the party that caused the bomber conference
northern group - stressed socialist (share profits from industry)parts of the 25 point program
southern - stressed nationalism( political independence parts of 25 point program
result of bomber conference
hitler made sure veeyroen understood the 25 point programme reflected the nazi vision
laid out fuhrerprinzip
hitler said socialist policies would not be followed
3 main reasons nazis became popular
impact of great depression
weakness of Weimar Republic
strength of nazi party
main way the Great Depression affected germany
caused unemployment
Great Depression PFD unemployment
by 1932 - 40% of workers were unemployed
how did weimar respond to the problem of unemployment
the government could not solve the problems
Muller could not improve germanys econonomy nor could his replacement Bruning
how did Hindenburg respond to unemployment
hindenbrug lost faith in the democracy himself
used article 48 to bypass the reichstag
- significantly weakened the Weimar Republic
how the economic crisis affected germans
turned to extremist parties to solve unemployment
