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History - Crime and punishment > Key topic 3 > Flashcards

Key topic 3 Flashcards

1
Q

black act - what did it do

A

1723

established bloody code
hunting of deer, rabbit,hare a crime

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2
Q

pious purgery

A

lied about value of property - wouldn’t be hanged anymore

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3
Q

who led tolpuddle martyrs what did they want

A

George loveless
wanted to improve wages and working conditions

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4
Q

transportation start - end

A

1660-1775

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5
Q

3 people who improved prisons

A

Robert peel
John howard
Elizabeth fry

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6
Q

bow street runners
- who formed w
when

A

Henry and John fielding
1749

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7
Q

when was first detective force

when was compulsory for all towns to have a police force

A

1842

1856

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8
Q

goals act
when who by

A

Robert peel
1823

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9
Q

urbanisation 1750 - 1900

A

population increase 9.5 to 41.5 million

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10
Q

when was first police force formed

A

1829

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11
Q

why had many jobs in England between 1700 and 1800 been created

A

Many jobs in England between 1700 and 1800 had been created due to the process of industrialisation.

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12
Q

why were people highway robbers

A

soldiers returning- jobless
horses/ weapons cheaper to obtain
increasing No businessmen travelling the country

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13
Q

why were businessmen easy targets for businessmen

A

travelled around to complete transactions
carried large sums of cash and expensive items

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14
Q

when were landowerns allowed to hunt

A

if land over £100

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15
Q

what did smugglers smuggle in

A

alcohol, tea,cloth,spirits

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16
Q

where smuggling took place

A

coastal areas of England

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17
Q

public attitude to smugglers

A

turned a blind eye - benefitted

didn’t agree with payment of taxes and duties goods

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18
Q

what roads made highway robberies more attractive

A

toll roads

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19
Q

how were the tolpuddle martyrs caught

A

news of their secret oath leaked to rich landowners

wasn’t a crime so punished under old naval laws designed to prevent mutiny at sea

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20
Q

tolpuddle martyrs punishment

A

sentenced to 7 years transportation

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21
Q

how attitudes changed to the death penalty

A

1700s, 40% of those sentenced to death were actually hanged.
By the 1800s this figure had dropped to 10% being executed, despite there being a rise in crime.

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22
Q

public execution problems

A

rather than being a deterrent, you would find opportunists at executions picking pockets, selling stolen goods or enjoying a good afternoon out drinking.

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23
Q

when did bloody code end

A

1820s

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24
Q

why was transportation not that successful

A

crime actually increased in England which suggests that this punishment was not really the deterrent it was designed to be.

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25
Q

which year did the transportation of convicts to American colonies end?

A

1775

26
Q

how prion wards earned money

A

prison wardens were unpaid and earned money by charging the inmates fees for their cell, food, clothing and their release.

27
Q

John howards proposals

A

He made a number of proposals about changes to the system including:
Better accommodation.
Changes to the fees.
Improving diet.
Paying prison guards.

28
Q

what ddi Elizabeth fry do

A

She visited Newgate Prison in London and was horrified to find inmates kept together regardless of crime. She aimed to deal with this and the exploitation of female prisoners by male guards.
Fry established a school for children in Newgate Prison and set about teaching them useful work so they could get work when they left prison and avoid reoffending.

29
Q

separate and silent systems aims

A

the 1830s saw the introduction of the separate system.
The main principle was that inmates were kept in solitary confinement, contact with others was limited and the main aim was to reform prisoners by expecting them to complete useful work

30
Q

changes from reform to retribution in 1860s

A

Prisoners in the silent system were expected to remain silent at all times.
Beds were replaced with harsh wooden bunks
better food replaced with hard fare- a basic monotonous diet.
Hard labour - daily pointless tasks, like turning a crank, walking a treadmill or sometimes oakum picking.

31
Q

When transportation
began
Ended

A

1610

1868

32
Q

Book published by John Howard’s

A

State of prisons in England and wales

33
Q

When M police established

A

1829

34
Q

2 highway men names

A

Dick Turpin
Jack shepherd

35
Q

1700-1900
crimes

A

treason
witchcraft- no longer believed
vagabondage
highway robberies
smuggling
poaching

36
Q

smuggling

A

luxury goods - tea wines spirits

thousands of smugglers some violent organised Ganga streaks- hawk hurst gang

37
Q

hawk hurst gang

A

The Hawkhurst Gang smuggled along the south coast. In 1747, they seized back their smuggled tea, brandy, rum and coffee after breaking into the customs house in Poole. A year later the leaders of the gang, Arthur Gray and Thomas Kingsmill, were hanged.
By the mid-1700s it was believed there were 20,000 active smugglers in Britain.

38
Q

why smuggling was hard to stop

A

Ordinary people would ignore smuggling because they benefitted and were happy to pay lower prices for goods.
Smugglers were regarded as heroes.
Many locals in coastal areas collaborated with smuggler gangs, maintaining boats and hiding cargo until it was sold on.
Smugglers worked at night and there were miles of unpoliced coastline where smugglers could easily store their
cargo
in secret.
The smuggling gangs used violence and were feared.
There were not enough
customs officers
to enforce the law.

39
Q

1700-1900
policing

A

community based , unpaid
town constables/ town watch (many unpaid, ineffective)

Bow street runners

1829 - creation of metroplitan police

40
Q

bow street runners

A

1748 Henry and John fielding created own police force

after 1785 - paid by the government

41
Q

1700 - 1900
punishments

A

bloody code
transportation
prisons

42
Q

bloody code

A

large increase crimes punishable by death = deterrence
not as effective ended 1820

1765 - 160 crimes punishable by death

43
Q

transportation

A

increasingly used as alternative to death
160000 transported
strong deterrence at first - journey

44
Q

prisons

A

18 c alternative to bloody code

45
Q

1700-1900 new purpose

A

reformation and removal

46
Q

gaols act 1823

A

Improved prison conditions

47
Q

1829 metropolitan plice act

A

Robert peel convinced them it was necessary - rising crime , rapid growth of towns - after French revolution people feared same would happen in UK

1842- frist detectives

1856 - towns HAD to have police
force

1878 - CID

48
Q

Bloody code ended because

A

Seen as inhumane
Failing to reduce the crime rates

49
Q

Australia transportation ended

A

No longer needed forced labourers and didn’t want ‘criminals’
Felt too expensive and too harsh for criminals and their families
More prisons had been built

50
Q

Reasosns for sepetste system

A

Rehabilitation - solitude best way to propicies with opportunity to reflect on crimes turn to religion and reform their ways

Retribution - isolation and boredom made the criminal ‘pay’ for their crime

Deterrent

51
Q

Gaols act stated

A

Chaplains regularly visit prisoners
Gaolers should be por
Prisoners should not be put in chains

52
Q

1826
Peel reduced number of capital crimes by 100 because h wanted

A

Less harsh punishments for petty crimes
Try to reform petty criminals rather than kill them

53
Q

1700-1850 crime increased

A

Extreme poverty and increase organised and professional crime

54
Q

Why smuggling decreased

A

Taxes on exported goods were cut in the 1840s

55
Q

Increased crime due to

A

People travelling more and moving to towns - fewer people knew each other/ were close

Increase pop = crime more profitable

Some criminals became professional within gangs

Criminals = glorified

Extreme poverty = survival crimes

56
Q

When were the tol puddle martyrs around

A

1834

Pardoned in 1836

57
Q

Significante of tolouddle martyrs

A

Highlights how authority’s used laws to criminalise people viewed as a threat

Pardoning of martyrs illustrates impact of public opinion

Inspired some to fight for workers rights

58
Q

Witchcraft act 1736

A

All laws concerning witchcraft were repealed

Some still clings to beliefs and superstition Rs
Majority attitudes had changed

59
Q

Bow street runners established

Paid by gov

A

1749

1785

60
Q

Strengths and weaknesses of separate system

A

Clean less disease
Right level punishment- harsh but not overly

Isolation lead to mental illness high suicide rates
No education to provide skills for released

61
Q

first gaols act

A

1774

suggested health and sanitation in prison improved

History - Crime and punishment (4 decks)

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