key words

Question 1

brownfield site

Answer 1

urban areas cleared of their old industry or housing, now available for new developments.

Question 2

business parks

Answer 2

attractive areas, often located on the edge of urban areas for offices, research establishments and light industry

Question 3

emerging market

Answer 3

normally found in a developing country (most likely in an NIC) where the population is on the brink of having more disposable income to spend on goods which up until now have not been in demand (e.g. cars, refrigerators, tvs, cd players)

Question 4

footloose industries

Answer 4

light or hi-tech industries which have considerable freedom in location

Question 5

fuel supplies

Answer 5

coal, oil or natural gas used as energy sources for making goods

Question 6

global companies

Answer 6

multinational or transnational operating in many different countries in the world (e.g. Nissan)

Question 7

greenfield sites

Answer 7

rural open land, not previously built on in an out of town location

Question 8

industrial estates

Answer 8

areas in which several manufacturing companies have their factories, often located on the edges of urban area

Question 9

labour

Answer 9

the workers

Question 10

light industries

Answer 10

industries producing small sized goods mainly for people (consumers) to buy, not needing bulky raw materials

Question 11

markets

Answer 11

places where the goods are sold. most commonly used to describe the group of people most likely to buy the product. e.g. the nearby town offers a local market for the bread factory

Question 12

newly industrialised countries (NICs)

Answer 12

LEDCs in which manufacturing industries have grown leading to economical development.

Question 13

primary industries

Answer 13

those which extract raw materials from land and sea such as mining, forestry, farming and fishing

Question 14

secondary industries

Answer 14

manufacturing industries which process raw materials into other products

Question 15

quaternary industries

Answer 15

high technology research based industries involved in designing and assembling products such as micro electronics for computers

Question 16

raw materials

Answer 16

used for making goods in factories e.g. coal, iron ore, limestone

Question 17

science parks

Answer 17

attractive areas, pleasantly laid out, for research establishments linked to a university.

Question 18

sunrise industries

Answer 18

new growth industries such as hi-tech industries

Question 19

tertiary industries

Answer 19

these provide services to people and other industries

Question 20

transport

Answer 20

movement of raw materials to the factory, or goods from the factory to market, by means of transport such as road, rail and sea

Question 21

quality of life

Answer 21

how happy people feel, can be relative and hard to measure

Question 22

census

Answer 22

a questionnaire (usually every 10 years) to find out the population structure of a country

Question 23

core

Answer 23

the heart and most commonly, the richest and economic centre of a country

Question 24

counter urbanisation

Answer 24

the move from urban areas to rural, most common in MEDCs

Question 25

densely (populated)

Answer 25

high numbers of people per square kilometre

Question 26

dependency ratio

Answer 26

the number of children (under 15) and elderly people (over 65) expressed as a ration of the number of adults (between 15 and 16) working

Question 27

desertification

Answer 27

land turning into desert

Question 28

standard of living

Answer 28

a measure of material wealth (e.g. how much income someone has)

Question 29

to emigrate

Answer 29

when people leave a country

Question 30

forced migration

Answer 30

people forced to leave their home country, because of famine or war

Question 31

internally displaced

Answer 31

migration within a country usually forced by persecution or civil war

Question 32

life expectancy

Answer 32

the average number of years at birth that a person is expected to live

Question 33

migration

Answer 33

the movement of people

Question 34

migration balance

Answer 34

the different between the number of immigrants and emigrants

Question 35

natural increase

Answer 35

the increase or decrease in a population found by the birth rate minus the death rate and normally expressed as a percentage %

Question 36

overcultivation

Answer 36

crop growing too intensive for the land causing loss of fertility

Question 37

overgrazing

Answer 37

too many animals allowed to graze an area so the carrying capacity is exceeded

Question 38

periphery

Answer 38

the edge, often the poorest region of a country

Question 39

GDP or GNP

Answer 39

annual income (measured in $US). can be per person (per capita)

Question 40

physical factors

Answer 40

factors such as relief, soils, climate and drainage

Question 41

literacy rate

Answer 41

percentage of adults who can read and write

Question 42

population pyramid

Answer 42

a graph to show the population structure of or age-sex composition

Question 43

push and pull factors

Answer 43

factors which force a person away and attract them to certain places

Question 44

refugees

Answer 44

people forced to move from one country to another, often as a result of famine or war

Question 45

rural to urban migration

Answer 45

movement from the countryside to cities and towns

Question 46

youthful population

Answer 46

when a large percentage of the population is below 15

Question 47

sparsely populated

Answer 47

low numbers of people per square kilometre

Question 48

ageing population

Answer 48

when a large percentage of the population are elderly

Question 49

infant mortality rate

Answer 49

the percentage of babies that die below the age of 1

Question 50

voluntary migration

Answer 50

people choose to move to a new place