Key Words

Question 1

Alleles

Answer 1

Alternatives forms of genes that arise by mutation

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

A nucleic acid that consists of two long chains of nucleotides twisted together into a double helix

Question 3

Chromosome

Answer 3

Groups of DNA that live in the nucleus of a cell

In an X shape during mitosis and meiosis

Question 4

Coding DNA

Answer 4

Parts of the DNA that code for amino acids

Question 5

Diploid

Answer 5

Containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

Question 6

Haploid

Answer 6

Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

Question 7

Dominant

Answer 7

A dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype over a recessive allele
So brown eyes would be expressed in one’s features over blue

Question 8

Recessive

Answer 8

A gene that is possessed in the genotype of a person but not expressed in the phenotype

Question 9

Gene

Answer 9

A section of DNA that codes for one particular protein

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

Your genetic code of cells

Question 11

Gamete

Answer 11

A sex cell

Only half of the normal chromosomes

Question 12

Heterozygous

Answer 12

Two different alleles of the same gene

Question 13

Homozygous

Answer 13

Having the same alleles of a gene

Question 14

Mitosis

Answer 14

The reproduction of cells to replace old and damaged ones

Question 15

Meiosis

Answer 15

The creation of gametes

Question 16

Mutations

Answer 16

Changes that can occur in genes

Question 17

Variant

Answer 17

Differences in appearance

Such as height and hair colour

Question 18

Phenotype

Answer 18

Physical expression of a genotype

Question 19

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 19

A pair of chromosomes containing a maternal and paternal chromatid joined to together at the centromere

Question 20

Non-coding DNA

Answer 20

DNA that doesn’t code for amino acids