Kidney

Question 0

What does cortex of kidney do?

Answer 0

Forms urine and where nephron is located

Question 1

Function of kidney

Answer 1

• Filter 180 l blood/daily to rid toxin
• Regulate blood vol & BP
• maintain salt water balance
• maintain acid back balance
• regulate erythrocyte production

Question 2

What is purpose of medulla and pyramids?

Answer 2

Dilute/condensate urine

Question 3

Calyces, pelvis, ureter does?

Answer 3

Transport urine and has smooth muscle in walls

Question 4

Blood flow through kidney

Answer 4

Arcuate artery, cortical radiate artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries and vasa recta, cortical radiate vein, arcuate vein

Question 5

What is the nephron?

Answer 5

structural and functional unit of kidney and consists of renal tubules and glomerulus

Question 6

Difference between cortical nephron and juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 6

Cortical-make up 85% of nephrons and go from efferent arterioles to peritubular capillaries

Juxtamedullary-make up 15% and go from efferent to vasa recta so they are longer

Question 7

What are the 3 nephron functions

Answer 7

Filtration-blood to renal tubule
Reabsorption-renal tubule to blood
Secretion-blood to renal tubule

Question 8

How much urine on average is produced?

Answer 8

2l/day

Question 9

What cells secretes renin? What cells secrete ATP?

Answer 9

Afferent arteriole JG cells and modified mechanoreceptors -renin

DCT cells macula densa cells osmoreceptors - ATP

Question 10

What is the purpose of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 10

Helps regulate filtration and BP

Question 11

Where does filtration occur? Reabsorption?

Answer 11

Bowman’s capsule-filtration

Everywhere else -Reabsorption

Question 12

How is salt sensor in kidney?

Answer 12

DCT cells macula densa cells and osmoreceptors ( look for osmolarity)

Question 13

What is filtrate?

Answer 13

What enters bowman’s capsule (like plasma w/o protein)

Question 14

What is glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Answer 14

• Amount of filtrate formed per min
• sum of both Kinsey’s and all nephrons
• a good rate in average ~125 ml/min
• GFR directly proportional to NFP

Question 15

Explain glomerular filtration

Answer 15

~From glomerulus to Bowman’s capsule
~passive process driven by pressure difference
~much filtrate formed
~high pressure through permeable membrane

Question 16

Net filtration pressure (NFP) is?

Answer 16

10 mmHg

Question 17

Reaction of a change in NFP

Answer 17

GFR change therefore increase BP increase in GFR and vis versa of decrease

Question 18

If GFR too high?

Answer 18

Filtration flow rate too fast not enough filtrate reabsorbed

Question 19

If GFR too low?

Answer 19

Filtrate flow rate too slow too much filtrate reabsorbed

Question 20

What does does the intrinsic control do?

Answer 20

Controls GFR by altering afferent arteriole diameter
Vasodilation= increase NFP & GFR
Vasoconstriction=decrease NFP &GFR

Question 21

What does extrinsic control do?

Answer 21

Contributes to control of GFR influence is outside kidney via sympathetic NS to control BP (diameter of afferent arteriole) and Renin angiotensin system constrict efferent arteriole

Question 22

What is myogenic mechanism?

Answer 22

Part of the intrinsic control of GFR contract when stretched
⬆️ BP raise NFP & GFR arteriole constrict prevent ⬆️ GFR
⬇️BP ⬇️NFP& GFR arteriole dilate prevent decrease in GFR

Question 23

Explain tubuloglomerular feedback

Answer 23

If NFP hi > GFR hi > rate of filtration flow hi > osmolarity hi at DCT > more ATP ( macula densa cells) > more vacoconstrict of afferent arteriole > less NFP

vice versa if NFP too low

Question 24

Effects of angiotensin II

Answer 24

• strong vasoconstrictor

- induces adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone

Question 25

PCT “job” in Reabsorption

Answer 25

Reclaim all nutritive substances

Question 26

Loop of Henle “job” in Reabsorption

Answer 26

Set up the medullary, interstitial osmotic gradient

Question 27

DCT/collecting duct “job” I’m reabsorbtion

Answer 27

Reclaim H2O and salt if you are dehydrated hormones required here

Question 28

Reabsorption occurs between what to epithelial cells?

Answer 28

Paracellular and transepethelial

Question 29

Explain paracellular reabsorption

Answer 29

Minor role right junctions between epithelial cells allows movement of water and some ions Mg++ Ca++ K+ and some Na+

Question 30

Reabsorption occurs across across what three membranes

Answer 30

1. Luminal
2. Basolateral
3. Peritubular capillary endothelium