kine 4 (gait, UL/LL Assessement)

Question 1

define the gait cycle?

Answer 1

the sequence of motions occurring between 2 consecutive
initial-contacts of the same leg: right leg to right leg or left leg to left leg.

Question 2

the 2 gait phases and their subdivisions?

Answer 2

A: Stance phase
1- weight loading phase
a initial contact
b loading response
2 single leg stance
c mid stance
3 weight unloading phase
d terminal stance

B Swing phase
1 initial swing - e
2 mid wing - f
3 terminal swing -g

Question 3

name the gait observations?

Answer 3

1 balance and stability
2 ability to weight bear
3 step ability (speed, rhythm, rotation)
4 gait efficiency
5 normal walking pattern
6 stride length, step frequency, with of base

Question 4

causes of abnormal gait?

Answer 4

Pain
Lack of trunk and pelvic rotation
Weakness of lower limb muscles
Limitation of lower limb joints
incoordinate muscles control
Increased muscle tone

Question 5

gait reeducation?

Answer 5

1 use mirror
2 patients in suitable clothes, no shoes
3 stretching’s and mobilization
4 balance training
5 weight baring/ weight sifting exercises
6 use different surfaces slopes and stairs
7 walking aids when needed

Question 6

how to do assessment of the hand?

Answer 6

1. subjective assessment
   2 objective assessments:
   a- observation
   b- active ROM
   c- passive ROM
   d - dermatomes/myotomes
   e- test power/precision grips
   f- reflexes
   g - sensation
   h - palpation
   i - joint end test

Question 7

special tests for hand assessment?

Answer 7

1 Phalen’s test (diagnose carpel tunnel)
2 median nerve compression/wrist flexion
3 Tinels test ( ulnar nerve/pins and needles)
4 Froments test (ulnar nerve/pinch grip)
5 two point discrimination (sensation)
6 Finkelsteins test

Question 8

objective testing for hip?

Answer 8

1 posture
2 gait
3 neurological testing (dermatomes and reflexes)
4 ROM
5 power
6 Muscle length
7 leg length
8 accessory movements
9 palpation

Question 9

what to test in posture for the hip?

Answer 9

1 deformities
2 pelvic level
3 uneven muscle tone
4 swelling
5 equal weight baring
6 sitting position

Question 10

types of abnormal gait?

Answer 10

antalgic ( reduce time spend on bad leg)
waddling
swinging
adductor
uneven
Trendelenburg (weak glute max = pelvic drop)

Question 11

objectives for assessing knee?

Answer 11

1 posture
2 gait
3 skin
4 swelling
5 synovial thickening
6 ROM
7 ligaments
8 menisci
9 power
10 palpation
11 muscle length/bulk
12 accessory movements
13 proprioception
14 neural test
15 function

Question 12

objective assessment for ankle?

Answer 12

1 posture
2 gait
3 function
4 swelling
5 skin
6 sensations
7 ROM
8 proprioception
9 power
10 accessory movements
11 muscle length
12 pain and limitation of movements