Kotter And Schlesinger

Question 1

What are the six ways of overcoming resistance to change?

Answer 1

1. Education & communication
2. Participation & involvement
3. Incentives & support
4. Negotiation & bargaining
5. Manipulation & co-option
6. Explicit & implicit coercion

Question 2

1. Education and communication

Answer 2

‘lack of awareness or understanding’
- communicate the reasons for change, its benefits, and the expected outcomes

Question 3

2. Participation and involvement

Answer 3

‘Lack of agreement or trust’
- involve employees who may not agree or trust the change initiative

Question 4

3. Incentives and support

Answer 4

‘Losing something valuable’
- organisations should provide incentives and support to ease the transition
- might include: training, career development, opportunities, compensation packages

Question 5

4. Negotiation and agreement

Answer 5

‘Different assessment or goals’
- finding common ground to mitigate resistance (compromise)

Question 6

5. Manipulation and co-option

Answer 6

• this may involve offering rewards to win over key influential people who will then get others to agree to change

Question 7

6. Explicit and implicit coercion

Answer 7

• forcing people into change
• they may come to agree with the change if it proves to be successful