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6.kurul 🧠 > Kulak Burun Boğaz > Flashcards

Kulak Burun Boğaz Flashcards

1
Q

Acute otitis media time

A

<3 weeks

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2
Q

In acute otitis media
Tympanic membrane

A

Red, opaque, bulging

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3
Q

the skin is the thickest in the ….

A

nasion

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4
Q

the skin is the thinnest at the …

A

rhinion

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5
Q

elevator muscles of the nose

A
  • procerus
  • levator labii superioris alaque nasi
  • anomalous nasi
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6
Q

depressor muscles of the nose

A
  • alar nasalis
  • depressor septi nasi
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7
Q

nasal mucosa

A

keratizing squamous cell epithelium
at nasal vestibule

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8
Q

inside the nasal cavity, surfaces are composed of

A

pesudostratified ciliated columnar respiratory cells

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9
Q

nasal septum from anterior to posterior

A

membranous
cartilaginous
osseous

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10
Q

septal cartilage is primarily composed of

A

quadrangular cartilage

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11
Q

nasal valve divided into

A

internal
external nasal valve

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12
Q

…… is the narrowest portion of the nasal airway
this anatomic area comprises The area of greater overall resistance to airflow

A

internal nasal valve

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13
Q

nasal obstruction structural
congenital abnormalities

A

pyriform aperture stenosis
choanal atresia

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14
Q

nasal obstruction acquired structural abnormalities

A

enlarged adenoids
foreign bodies
septal disorders
nasal valve abnormalities
mucoceles

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15
Q

nasal obstruction mucosal- inflammatory

A

rhinosinusitis
rhinitis
nasal polyps
granulomatosis
sarcoidosis
histiocytosis

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16
Q

drainage of the secretions from the nose or paranasal sinuses into pharynx

A

postnasal drip

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17
Q

the most common cause of chronic cough

A

UACS
upper airway cough syndrome

(also the most common cause of acute cough as well)

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18
Q

causes of postnasal drip
children

A
  • alergic rhinitis
  • enlarged adenoids
  • sinusitis- gastroesophageal reflux
  • polyps
  • anatomical anomalies
  • mucociliary dysfunction
  • immunodeficiencies
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19
Q

postnasal drip
adults

A
  • allergic rhinitis
  • sinusitis
    polyps
  • anatomical anomalies
  • smoking, toxins
  • senile rhinitis
  • atrophic rhinitis
  • vasomototr rhinitis
  • postviral upperrespiratory infection
  • laryngophrayngeal reflux
  • gastroesophageal reflux
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20
Q

short or episodic time course
precipitating factor and the presence of autonomic symptoms= sweating, pallor, nausea, vomiting

there may be associated tinnitus, hearing loss, facial nerve weakness

A

peripheral vertigo

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21
Q

in …… autonomic symptoms are less severe and associated hearing loss is unusual

A

central vertigo

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22
Q

vertigo
associated with neurological symptoms

A

central vertigo

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23
Q

…… may include diplopia, hemianopsia, weakness, numbness, dysarthria, ataxia, loss of consciousness

A

central vertigo

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24
Q

common causes of peripheral vertigo

A
  1. BPPV
  2. vestibular neuritis
  3. tumor
  4. trauma
  5. bacterial or viral infection
  6. drug
  7. menieres disease
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25
Q

central vertigo causes

A
  1. meningitis
  2. vascular diseases
  3. migraine
  4. tumors
  5. trauma
  6. multiple sclerosis
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26
Q

benign paroksismal vertigo
BPPV

A

change with head position
no hearing loss
no tinnitus (nöroda var yazıyor haha)
self limited within a few months

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27
Q

vertigo associated with suddenly onset, severely with N/V and nystagmus
often previously viral infections

A

vestibular neuritis

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28
Q

vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus and aural fullness
endolymphatic hydrops

A

menieres disease

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29
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

external or middle ear pathology

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30
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

damage at the inner ear (cochlea)

31
Q

external ear pathology (conductive hearing loss)

A

-external ear canal deformity
-blockage from cerumen or foreign object
-perforated tympanic membrane

32
Q

middle ear pathology (conductive hearing loss)

A

-serous and purulent otitis media
-otosclerosis
-cholesteatoma

33
Q

-muffled hearing
-congested feeling in ears
-occasional ear pain
-fluctuating hearing ability

A

conductive hearing loss

34
Q

in …… a person has issues in the inner ear (cochlea) or acoustic nerve

A

sensorineural hearing loss

35
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

noise
ototoxic medication
menieres disease
infections
idiopathic
congenital
aging

36
Q

sensorineural hearing loss symptoms

A
  • muffled hearing
  • ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
  • difficulty hearing in background noise
  • hearing that people are speaking but not understanding them
  • reports of difficulty hearing female talkers more than male talkers
37
Q

epistaxis
imp area

A

kisselbach plexus ore little area

38
Q

bleeding patterns
septum

A

littles area

39
Q

bleeding patterns
above the middle turb

A

ethmoidal vessels

40
Q

bleeding patterns
below the middle turb

A

sphenopalatine a

41
Q

bleeding patterns,
posterior

A

woodruffs area

42
Q

common bleeding sites

A

kissesbach plexus
woodrufs area
retrocolumellar vein
middle turbinate

43
Q

adults

A

anterior
little area

44
Q

old age

A

posterior

45
Q

arterial ligation

A
  1. maxillary artery
  2. anterior ethmoidal artery
  3. posterior ethmoidal artery
  4. external carotid artery
46
Q

apnea mechanical factors

A

venturi effect
bernoli effect

47
Q

ossilation

A

snoring

48
Q

partial collapse

A

hypopnea

49
Q

total collapse

A

apnea

50
Q

epworth

A

10 üstü gündüz aşırı uykululuk

51
Q

10 sn or longer termination of nasal and oral air flow

A

apnea

52
Q

normal apne hypopnea index

A

5’ten az

53
Q

mild apne hypopnea index

A

5-15

54
Q

moderate apnea hypopnea index

A

15-30

55
Q

severe apnea hypopnea index

A

30’dan çok

56
Q

sore throats due to neuralgia, irritation, gastroesophageal reflux and psychiatric reasons occur …..

A

intermittently

57
Q

neuralgia causes …. pain

A

severe

58
Q

pain in ,,,,,,, infections
is more severe than in viral ones

A

bacterial is more severe

59
Q

acute sore throat causes

A

infections, neuralgia, trauma
pharyngitis
epiglottitis
laryngitis
ludwig’s angina
neck abscess
foreign body

60
Q

the most common cause of sore throat

A

pharyngitides

61
Q

chronic sore throat

A

inflammatory reactions
neoplastic diseases
neuralgia
thyroid gland diseases

62
Q

a symptom of altered voice quality reported by patients

A

hoarseness
(symptom)

63
Q

altered vocal quality, pitch, loudness, or vocal effort that impairs communication as assessed by a physician

A

dysphonia
(diagnosis)

64
Q

speaking voice disorders

A
  1. quality disorders
  2. pitch disorders
  3. loudness disorders
  4. resonance disorders
65
Q

organic voice quality disorders
neurological

A
  • paralysis of the vagus
  • spasmodic dysphonia
  • vocal tremor
  • parkinson
  • myasthenia gravis
66
Q

disorders such as the fundamental frequency of the person’s speaking voice not being appropriate for his age or gender

A

vocal pitch disorders

67
Q
A
68
Q

Soft, tender, mobile mass

A

Acute inflammatory masses

69
Q

Non-tender, rubbery, mobile/ matted

A

Chronic inflammatory masses

70
Q

Soft, mobile, non-tender unless infected

A

Congenital masses

71
Q

Vascular masses

A

May be pulsatile or have a bruit

72
Q

Hard, nontender, fixed masses

A

Malignant masses

73
Q

Congenital neck masses

A

Branchial cleft anomalies
Thyroglossal duct anomalies
Lymphangiomas, hemangiomas, vascular malformations
Dermoid cyst
Thymic cyst

74
Q

The most common cause of neck masses
Often associated with upper respiratory tract infections

A

Cervical lymphadenitis

6.kurul 🧠 (7 decks)

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