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Unit 4 - A%P > L01 The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

L01 The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Erythrocytes?

A

red blood cells, made of bone marrow, thin disc shape contains haemoglobin, transport 02 and C02 round body.

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2
Q

Lymphocytes

A

white blood cells present within lymph that fight infection and destroy abnormal cells.
B cells - produce antibodies to destroy bacteria/ T cells destroy body’s own cells.

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3
Q

Neutrophils

A

white blood cells responsible for fighting bacteria/viruses.

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4
Q

Monocytes

A

largest white blood cell responsible for fighting bacteria and viruses.

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5
Q

Platelets

A

produced in the bone marrow enable the blood to thicken to form clots around scabs and to help wounds heal.

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6
Q

Plasma

A

liquid part of the blood and lymphatic fluid, it regulates the body’s temperature by removing heat from muscles and circulating round body.

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7
Q

Aorta

A

the largest artery, carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.

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8
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

carried de oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

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9
Q

Vena Cava

A

large vein that carried de oxygenated blood from the body into the RA of the heart.

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10
Q

Pulmonary Vein

A

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the LA of the heart.

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11
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

allows blood to flow from the RA to the RV.

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12
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

Allows blood to flow from the LA to the LV.

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13
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

the opening of the right ventricle stops blood going back from the pulmonary artery and into the heart.

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14
Q

Aortic valve

A

found at the exit of the left ventricle where the aorta begins.

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15
Q

What is the cardiac cycle

A

2 circuits: pulmonary lungs/heart. systemic - heart/body Heart pumps blood through both systems then back to the heart. The blood that has been round the body then goes to lungs to exchange de-oxygenated blood for oxygenated. That blood then goes back to heart to be distributed round the body

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16
Q

Systole?

A

part of the cardiac cycle where the heart is in a period of contraction allowing blood flow into the ventricles.

17
Q

Diastole?

A

part of the cardiac cycle where the heart is in a period of relaxation filling up the chambers of the heart with blood.

18
Q

process of systole

A

ventricles full, all valves shut, ventricle muscles contract, blood leaves the heart via the arteries then the semi lunar valves shut.

19
Q

process of diastole

A

all valves shut, veins bring blood to the atria, atria is full

20
Q

How does human circulatory system work?

A
  1. Oxygenated blood from the lungs returns to heart via pulmonary vein.
  2. Blood passes through bicuspid valves into LV.
  3. Blood is forced out of the aorta/carries out oxygenated blood to rest of body.
  4. De – oxygenated blood returns form then body to the right atrium via the superior and inferior vena cava.
  5. Blood squeezed through tricuspid valve into RV.
  6. Blood forced through pulmonary artery - carried de oxygenated blood to the lungs.
21
Q

What is the SA node?

A

Situated in the upper wall of the RA, responsible for setting the rhythm of the heart.

22
Q

What is the AV node?

A

Situated at the bottom of the RA, delays the electrical impulses it allows the blood to empty out of the atria and into the ventricles.

23
Q

What are purkyne fibres?

A

cardiac muscle that rapidly transmits impulses from the AV node to the ventricles.

24
Q

What is an ECG trace?

A

monitors the electrical activity of the heart generated by the SA node as it travels through the atria, AV node and ventricles.
If the ECG is disordered, the ECG trace will show that it is problematic.

25
Q

P wave?

A

Shows atrial contraction

26
Q

QRS complex

A

Shows ventricular contraction

27
Q

T wave

A

Shows the ventricles relaxing (diastole)

28
Q

Arteries?

A

carries blood rich in oxygen away from the heart, consists of thick elastic fibre and muscle.

29
Q

Veins?

A

carry de oxygenated blood to the lungs. large diameters and thin walls.

30
Q

Capillaries?

A

One cell thick, thin wall allows the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide through their walls.

31
Q

What are the coronary arteries?

A

deliver oxygenated blood and nutrients to the heart.

32
Q

What do the semi lunar valves do?

A

These valves are located in the heart, pulmonary artery and aorta. They prevent blood flowing back into the heart after contraction.

33
Q

What are the differences between the structure of a vein and the structure of an artery?

A

Artery cross section is round, vein cross section is oval.
Artery - internal diameter is small, vein - internal diameter is large.

34
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

It rids the body of toxins and excess fluid, consists of lymph vessels, lymph nodes, thymus spleen and liver, it produces white blood cells which in turn produces antibodies

35
Q

Role of hydrostatic pressure

A

the pressure exerted within the capillaries that pushes fluid out the capillaries.
the pressure from heart contractions that forces water and dissolved substances into blood plasma out through the capillary walls into surrounding tissues forming tissue fluid.

36
Q

What are blood proteins?

A

Albumins - contributes to thickness of plasma, if plasma proteins fall, the osmotic pressure also falls.
Globulins - protective proteins, essential for the body’s immune system made up of lymphocytes.
Fibrinogen - blood clotting.

37
Q

Hypertension?

A

When the blood pressure is increasingly higher than the recommended level.

38
Q

What is the causes, monitoring treatment etc for hypotension

A

Cause: : blood pressure is recorded with two numbers (systolic) force blood pumps around body and (diastolic) resistance to blood flow in blood vessels. Measured in mmHg.
Monitoring: blood pressure taken regularly, blood tests
Treatment: ACE inhibitors, beta blockers slow heart rate.

39
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A

Walls of the arteries become blocked with fatty deposits which can cause a heart attack.

Unit 4 - A%P (6 decks)

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