L04 The musculoskeletal system

Question 1

Structure of a bone?

Answer 1

Vertical and transvers section of a bone.

Question 2

What are the types of joint?

Answer 2

Ball and socket
Pivot joint
Hinge joint
Sliding joint
Fixed joint

Question 3

What is a ball and socket joint?

Answer 3

Ball can move around in different directions
Example hip or shoulder

Question 4

What is a pivot joint?

Answer 4

One that stays still and one that rotates.
Example neck

Question 5

Hinge joint?

Answer 5

no rotation just up and down does not go past a certain angle.
Example elbow, knee

Question 6

Sliding joint?

Answer 6

one bone slides,
example wrist ankle

Question 7

Fixed joint?

Answer 7

Cranium pelvis.

Question 8

What are the components of a synovial joint?

Answer 8

Muscle
Bone
Cartilage
Tendon
Ligament
Synovial capsule
Synovial fluid

Question 9

Muscle?

Answer 9

Necessary for movement, contracts and relaxes top move joint.

Question 10

Bone?

Answer 10

provides the framework and support for the attachment of muscle and other tissues.

Question 11

Ligament?

Answer 11

attaches one bone to another bone

Question 12

Tendon?

Answer 12

attaches a muscle to a bone

Question 13

Cartilage

Answer 13

found at the end of the bone protects the bone from friction and absorbs shock which allows the joint to move smoothly.

Question 14

Synovial capsule

Answer 14

secretes synovial fluid and maintains joint stability.

Question 15

Synovial fluid

Answer 15

lubricates and nourishes the joint.

Question 16

What are antagonistic muscles?

Answer 16

A pair of muscles that work in pairs around a joint. One contracts whilst the other relaxes. They bring about the opposing action to each other.

Question 17

Give an example of antagonistic muscles

Answer 17

Quadriceps and hamstrings in the leg.
Biceps and triceps, biceps contract when raised, triceps relax when raised.

Question 18

Name the malfunctions of the musculoskeletal system

Answer 18

Osteoporosis
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 19

Osteoporosis?

Answer 19

The loss of protein matrix results in loss of bone density this weakens the bone which becomes weak and brittle.
Women normally lose bone density as a result in the oestrogen decline after menopause.
If there is no production of osteoblasts and osteoclasts the bones break.

Question 20

Symptoms monitoring and treatment of osteoporosis?

Answer 20

Symptoms: sneeze or cough can cause rib fracture, pain,
Monitoring DEXA scan to measure the bone strength, blood tests.
Treatment: biphosphates slow the rate at which the bones are broken down, physiotherapy, calcium tablets to make bone stronger.
Risk factors: family history, smoking, drinking and eating disorders.

Question 21

Osteoarthritis?

Question 22

Symptoms, monitoring and treatment of osteoarthritis

Question 23

Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Answer 23

Autoimmune system disorder, immune system mistakenly attacks the cells that line the joints and the synovial membrane that lubricates

Question 24

Symptoms monitoring and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?