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PSYC5002 > L1: Neurobiology - Nervous System Overview > Flashcards

L1: Neurobiology - Nervous System Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What type of neuron is this?

A

Sensory neuron

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2
Q

Soma is made up of a phospholipid bilayer which maintains the _____ ______ within the cell

A

negative charge

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3
Q

Identify this part of the neuron

A

axon hillock

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4
Q

What type of neurons are motor neurons?

A

multipolar neurons. Taking lots of info from the brain and passing on to nervous system

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5
Q

which nervous system is involved in preparing for action

A

sympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

What are nodes of ranvier? What is it’s role?

A

Gaps between the myelin sheath – bare axon
Allows for transmission to continue down the axon

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7
Q

what are some of the outcomes of activation of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Accelerate heart rate
inhibits digestion
releases glucose for energy so you can deal with a threat
relaxes bronchi

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8
Q

What is myelin sheath? What does it do?

A

a coating that insulates the axon.
Allows for faster signalling down the axon

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9
Q

which type of neuron has multiple dendrites

A

multipolar neuron

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10
Q

When axon terminal brances are split in two they are called:

A

co-lateral axon branches

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11
Q

Identify this part of the neuron

A

Dendrites

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12
Q

what are some of the outcomes of activation of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

decreasing heart rate
increasing saliva
constricts pupuls
constricts bronchi
stimulates digestive activity

and other things that prevent having to cope with an immediate need for energy usage or threat

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13
Q

what are interneurons?

A

neurons that only connect to other neurons

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14
Q

is somatic nervous system seen here in red or blue?

A

red

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15
Q

motor neurons send information from the brain to the periphery. Is this afferent or efferent signal?

A

efferent signal

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16
Q

Are the somatic and autonomic nervous system part of the CNS or PNS?

A

PNS

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17
Q

Identify this part of the neuron

A

axon

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18
Q

Identify this part of the neuron

A

Soma or cell body

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19
Q

________ is the gatekeeper of transmission within the neuron

A

axon hillock

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20
Q

Myelin sheath is produced by ________

A

Schwann cells - cells in the brain that are not neurons

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21
Q

_____ are branch like structures that receive information from other neurons

A

dendrites

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22
Q

is the autonomic nervous system seen here in red or blue?

A

blue

Autonomic nervous system focused around where the major organs are

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23
Q

Usually interneurons are _____ neurons because….

A

multipolar neurons

Because they are involved in higher order processing eg. memory and cognition

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24
Q

where is the cell body located in motor neurons?

A

spinal cord

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25
Q

_______ nervous system works to minimise the need for energy usage and activity

A

parasympathetic

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26
Q

parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are part of which nervous system

A

autonomic nervous system – which is part of PNS

27
Q

What type of neuron is this?

A

interneuron

28
Q

True of False
nerves in the CNS are in the brain and spinal cord and all other nerves are in the PNS which branches out from the CNS

A

True

29
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Nerve cell which transmits information throughout the nervous system

30
Q

Explain this diagram

A
  • We have a motor cortex and a somatosensory cortex in the brain.
  • Brain receives somatosensory input which is mapped on to somatosensory cortex (right side of somatosensory cortex on parietal lobe)
  • Information is integrated (on left side of motor cortex on frontal lobes) and the motor cortex initiates action
31
Q

Where are neurotransmitters produced?

A

nucleus

32
Q

Identify this part of the neuron

A

nucleus

33
Q

which type of neuron has 1 long axon

A

unipolar neuron

34
Q

what is the most basic form or neural communication - involving only a few neurons

A

reflex arcs

35
Q

On average how many neurons in human brain?

A

86 billion
160,000km end to end

36
Q

All the neurons in the brain are _______

A

interneurons (only receive info from other neurons)

37
Q

Three key facts about the nucleus

A

The “engine room” of the cell

It contains all the necessary genetic material for neuron to function and to communicate with other cells

Produces neurotransmitters

38
Q

sensory neurons tend to be _______ or _______ neurons. This is because they…..

A

unipolar or bipolar neurons.

Because they take information from a limited source and pass this on.

39
Q

What type of neuron is this?

A

unipolar neuron

40
Q

Graded potentials are summed to determine if an action potential will be fired in the _________

A

axon hillock

41
Q

which nervous system relates to efferent and afferent signal?

A

the somatic nervous system - PNS

42
Q

explain features of reflex arcs using example of burning hand

A

The sensory stimulus (the burn) travels afferently to the spinal cord where information is passed on to interneurons here, and then to motor neurons to trigger action in muscle (moving hand) without signal having to be passed to the brain first. Info still goes here but muscle can respond first.

43
Q

what is afferent signal?

A

neurons send information to the brain from the peripery

44
Q

Identify these two parts of the neuron

A

myelin sheath
nodes of ranvier

45
Q

What are the three types of neurons?

A

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar

46
Q

reflexes are controlled by _____ nervous system

A

somatic

47
Q

Neurons can be classified by funciton. What are the three different neuron types based on funciton?

A

Sensory neurons

Motor neurons

Interneurons

48
Q

True or false. Motor neuron axons projects all the way to the periphery of control muscles to make muscle constrict or movement occur. Sometimes about 1m long.

A

True

49
Q

What is the axon? what does it do?

A

A long nerve fibre
Conducts electrical signals from the cell body all the way down the cell

50
Q

which nervous system involved in controlled movement

A

somatic

51
Q

Identify this part of the neuron

A

axon terminals

52
Q

which nervous system is involved in normal bodily function

A

parasympathetic nervous system

53
Q

Sensory neurons send information to the brain from the periphery. Is this afferent or efferent signal?

A

afferent

54
Q

the _____ nervous system

Controls body movements via skeletal
muscles (efferent)
Transmits sensory info from the periphery
to the CNS (afferent)

A

somatic

55
Q

what is efferent signal?

A

information sent from the brain to the periphery

56
Q

What type of neuron is this?

A

bipolar neuron

57
Q

Sensory neurons are activated by:

A

sensory input

vision: light
somatic: touch/pressure/temperature
auditory: vibrations

58
Q

what type of neuron is this?

A

motor neuron

59
Q

what is the soma/cell body’s main role?

A

protects the nucleus and cell contents

60
Q

Is the CNS or PNS concentrated in the brain and spinal cord

A

central

61
Q

which type of neuron has two branches of dendrites

A

bipolar neuron

62
Q

What is the key feature of unipolar neurons that differs from multipolar and bipolar neurons

A

Has a trigger zone rather than an axon hillock

63
Q

What type of neuron is this?

A

multipolar

64
Q

Chemical messages are sent from _________ to other cells

A

axon terminals

PSYC5002 (9 decks)

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