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PSYC5002 > L5 Psychopharmacology > Flashcards

L5 Psychopharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are two key differences between typical and atypical antipsychotics

A

Effects D2 and 5-HT2 receptors (typical only effects D2)

Bind to receptor more loosely – reduces extra pyramidal side effects

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2
Q

Major side effect of typical antipsychotics i.e. Halopeidol

A

Extrapyramidal side effects - movement - parkinsons like symptoms

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3
Q

what does pharmacodynamics mean

A

the physiological effects of drugs on the body (i.e., binding to receptor)

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4
Q

Anxiolytics and depressents primarily act on ______ receptor

A

GABA A receptor

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5
Q

What receptor do typical antipsychotics work on

A

D2 receptor

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6
Q

What was the main problem with Barbiturates

A

in high doses they completely shut down cellular function within the brain

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7
Q

How do tricyclic antidepressents work

A

Inhibits reuptake (return to cell) of Serotonin (5-HT) and Norepinephrine (NE) >>> more in cleft >>> more bind to receptors >>>More 5-HT and NE signalling to postsynaptic cell

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8
Q

What is psychophrarmacology

A

Study of how drugs disrupt the system of neurotransmission. • The study of drug effects on the nervous system and behaviour

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9
Q

What are the three main categories of antidepressant discussed in the lecture

A

monoamine oxidase inhibitor

tricyclic antidepressent

Selective serotonin reputake inhibitors (SSRIs)

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10
Q

How do monoamine oxidase inhibitors work?

A

Prevent breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters

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11
Q

How does benzodiazapine work?

A

Bounds to benzodiazapine site on GABA A receptor. Doesn’t open chloride channel, just potentiates the effects of GABA.

Can only open channel when GABA was bound.

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12
Q

define tolerance.

A

Repeated drug administration results in diminished drug effect (or requires increased dosage to maintain constant effect)

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13
Q

what is an enzyme inhibitor

A

Prevents the activity of an enzyme. Often decreasing activity of neurotransmitter, but not always.

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14
Q

Briefly explain how antagonist drugs work using this diagram

A

Antagonist drug blocks receptor site = reducing of blocking activity at the cell.

Used in SSRIs

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15
Q

Worst side effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitor

A

Can be OD’d on

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16
Q

what does pharmacokinetics mean

A

essentially the effect of the body on drugs > metabolism

17
Q

Three categories of opiates and opiods

A

opiates
semi-synthetic
synthetic

18
Q

define sensitization

A

Repeated drug administration results in heightened drug effectiveness

19
Q

What type of drug are monoamine oxidase inhibitors?

A

Enzyme inhibitor

20
Q

What are two possible reasons drug tolerance occurs

A
  • decreased drug-receptor binding*
  • reduced postsynaptic action* of the drug
21
Q

Withdrawal effects are often the _______ of the drug effect

A

opposite

22
Q

What is a drug

A

An exogenous chemical that significantly alters function of cells in the body when taken in low doses and is not required for normal cellular functioning

23
Q

How did barbiturates function?

A

ionotronic receptors - bound to barbiturate site - opening channel for chloride to flow through

24
Q

Which neurotransmitters do tricyclic antidepressents effect

A

Serotonin (5-HT) and Norepinephrine (NE)

25
Q

How is brain metabolism (glucose utilisation) effected in long-term cocaine uses

A

significantly less glucose utilisation/neural activation in long-term cocaine users. Appears not to return to normal after 3 months abstinence.

Continued low frontal lobe activity may be a contributing factor to addiction i.e., people need the drug to function effectively

26
Q

How do SSRI’s work

A

Inhibits reuptake (return to cell) of Serotonin (5-HT) >> more in cleft >>> more bind to receptors >>> More 5-HT and NE signalling to postsynaptic cell

27
Q

what is an agonist

A

a chemical that binds to a receptor, activates the receptor and produces a biological effect

28
Q

What neurotransmitter do SSRIs work on

A

seratonin

29
Q

What is one of the main serious effects of MDMA and methamphetamine use

A

Can cause seratonin cell death - connections may never recover

30
Q

How does alcohol effect neurotransmitters

A

Acute increase in dopamine and endorphins

Followed by depressant effects due to it’s effect on GABA signalling

31
Q

What is an antagonist

A

a chemical that binds to a receptor, and prevents agonist-mediated effects

32
Q

Two problems with benzos

A

high risk tolerance and withdrawal (not good for longterm use)

risk of OD when mixed with alcohol

33
Q

Briefly explain how agonist drugs work using this diagram

A

agonist = site is bound (open) most of the time = enhanced activity at the cell/greater flow of natural chemicals

34
Q

How do typical antipsychotics work

A

Prevent dopamine from binding to D2 receptors

PSYC5002 (9 decks)

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