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General Microbiology > Lab Exam 2 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is nitrogen fixation?

A

The process by which an organism can convert nitrogen gas to ammonia.

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2
Q

Which vocab word describes “The process by which an organism can convert nitrogen gas to ammonia”.

A

Nitrogen fixation

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3
Q

Name and describe the structure required by nitrogen fixing organisms to perform nitrogen fixation.

A

Nitrogenase - this enzyme is needed to convert nitrogen gas to ammonia. It only functions in anaerobic conditions.

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4
Q

Name the two types of microorganisms that bring about nitrogen fixation.

A

The two types of symbiotic and free-living.

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5
Q

What are Rhizobium?

A

A type of symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that infects leguminous plants. They live in these plant’s nodules, which are anaerobic, allowing for their nitrogenase to function.

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6
Q

What does a YMAC plate stand for?
What is its indicator?

A

YMAC stands for ‘Yeast Mannitol Agar with Congo Red”.
The indicator is Congo Red.

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7
Q

What does a MA plate stand for?
What are the important conditions?

A

MA stands for “Mannitol Agar”.
The important characteristic is that it’s nitrogen free.

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8
Q

What are Azotobacter?

A

These are free-living, nitrogen-fixing bacteria found particularly in the rhizosphere. Critically, these are aerobes that somehow have such high aerobic requirements that they can use the oxygen before it reaches the nitrogenase.

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9
Q

These are free-living, nitrogen-fixing bacteria found particularly in the rhizosphere. Critically, these are aerobes that somehow have such high aerobic requirements that they can use the oxygen before it reaches the nitrogenase.

A

Azotobacter

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10
Q

A type of symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that infects leguminous plants. They live in these plant’s nodules, which are anaerobic, allowing for their nitrogenase to function.

A

Rhizobium

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11
Q

What is bioremediation?

A

Using microorganisms to degrade organic contaminants in the environment.

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12
Q

Using microorganisms to degrade organic contaminants in the environment.

A

bioremediation

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13
Q

What is bioaugmentation?

A

Introducing new microorganisms into an environment to help degrade contaminants.

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14
Q

Introducing new microorganisms into an environment to help degrade contaminants.

A

bioaugmentation

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15
Q

What is biostimulation?

A

Enhancing the ability of the local microbiota to help degrade contaminants.

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16
Q

Enhancing the ability of the local microbiota to help degrade contaminants.

A

biostimulation

17
Q

What does in situ mean in terms of bioremediation?

A

To decontaminate the target while the target remains in its natural place.

18
Q

To decontaminate the target while the target remains in its natural place.

A

in situ

19
Q

What does ex situ mean in terms of bioremediation?

A

To decontaminate the target by moving it to a treatment area for decontamination.

20
Q

To decontaminate the target by moving it to a treatment area for decontamination.

A

ex situ

21
Q

What is a Bushnell-Haas broth?

A

A type of broth used for studying microbial utilization of hydrocarbons.

22
Q

A type of broth used for studying microbial utilization of hydrocarbons.

A

Bushnell-Haas broth

23
Q

Describe lactic acid bacteria.

A

Gram+, aerotolerant bacteria that rely solely on fermentation to release energy in sugars for ATP production.

24
Q

Gram+, aerotolerant bacteria that rely solely on fermentation to release energy in sugars for ATP production.

A

lactic acid bacteria

25
Q

Why are lactic acid bacteria used in certain types of food production?

A

These bacteria produce substantial amounts of lactic acid from fermentation, which adds flavoring to things like yogurts and cheese.
They also lower the pH of the food, inhibiting spoilage microbes.

26
Q

What does MRS Agar stand for and what is it used for?

A

It’s “De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe Agar” and it’s used for general isolation of lactic acid bacteria.

27
Q

Which type of agar would you use for general isolation of lactic acid bacteria?

A

MRS Agar

28
Q

What is M17 Agar used for?

A

It’s used to isolate lactococcus.

29
Q

Which type of agar would you use to isolate lactococcus?

A

M17 Agar

30
Q

What is Rogasa SL Agar used for?

A

It’s used for isolating Streptococcus thermophilus.

31
Q

If you wanted to isolate specifically Streptococcus thermophilus, which type of agar would you use?

A

Rogasa SL Agar due to it’s low pH.

32
Q

What is MRS Agar w/ Cysteine used for?

A

It’s used to isolate Bifidobacterium.

33
Q

If you wanted to isolate Bifidobacterium, which type of agar would you use?

A

MRS Agar w/ Cysteine

34
Q
A

General Microbiology (2 decks)

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