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Biology > Lab Exam > Flashcards

Lab Exam Flashcards

1
Q

X^2 formula

A

= sum of ((o - e)^2)/ e

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2
Q

Scientific method steps

A
  1. Observe
  2. Hypothesis
  3. Experiment
  4. Re-evaluation
  5. Theory or rejection
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3
Q

Definition of pH?

A

pH = log 1 / (h3 0+)

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4
Q

Neutralization

A

Strong acid + weak base = water and precipitate

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5
Q

Null hypothesis

A

No real difference between observed and expected value

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6
Q

The 4 biological molecules

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Proteins
  3. Lipids
  4. Nucleic acids
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7
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of particles from high concentration to a low concentration

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8
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water from high concentration to a low concentration

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9
Q

Isotonic

A

Equal amounts of water and solute

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10
Q

Hypertonic

A

More solute less water

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11
Q

Hypotonic

A

More water less solute

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12
Q

Critical value for chi square

A

3.841

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13
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Remove water to bond two monomers

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14
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Add water to break up two monomers (a polymer)

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15
Q

Turgor pressure

A

Equilibrium within water in the cell. Plant wilts when hypertonic.

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16
Q

The two types of microscopes

A

Dissecting and compound

17
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Cell wall ruptured and water moves out. Hypertonic.

18
Q

How to calculate total magnification

A

Ocular x objective

19
Q

Parts of a microscope

A

Stage
Ocular
Objective
Coarse and fine adjustment

20
Q

Magnification vs resolution

A

Mag makes image bigger.

Resolution makes image clearer

21
Q

Different types of cells

A

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

22
Q

Prokaryotes kingdom and shapes

A

Monera
3 shapes:
Rods, cocci, spirals
No nucleus

23
Q

Eukaryote kingdom

A
  1. Fungi
  2. Protista
  3. Animalia
  4. Plantae

Nucleus

24
Q

Null hypothesis

A

No real difference between observed and expected values

25
Q

If sum of chi square is more than critical value 3.841, you ______ the null hypothesis

A

Reject

26
Q

If sum of chi square is less than critical value 3.841, you ______ the null hypothesis

A

Accept

27
Q

What does Benedict’s test for?

A

Reducing sugars

Positive = orange Negative = blue

28
Q

What does Iodine test for?

A

Starch

Positive = Black Negative = amber

29
Q

What does Biuret test for?

A 
Protein
Positive = violet          Negative = light blue
30
Q

What does Sudan 4 test for?

A

Lipids

Positive = top layer red Negative = insoluble suspension of stain

31
Q

What does sucrose inversion test for?

A

Non-reducing sugars (disaccharides)

32
Q

How do you measure a graduated cylinder?

A

From the meniscus

Biology (2 decks)

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