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FPP Clin Path > Labotatory Safety > Flashcards

Labotatory Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Laboratory hazards are divided into

A

Biological
Chemical
& physical hazards

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2
Q

Biological hazards are? Example

A

infective hazards) - pathogenic E. coli, Salmonella, TB, HIV, Hepatitis C, Herpes, influenza, Lassa.

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3
Q

Chemical hazards are

A

poisons, explosive and flammable chemicals, acids, alkalis.

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4
Q

Physical hazards are

A

sharps
fire,
machinery,
equipment,
extreme heat and cold,
UV radiation,
slips,
trips,
falls on wet floors,
put away long hair
and unnecessary jewelry.

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5
Q

Other types include

A

Sharp instruments
Fire/ Explosives
Electrical hazards- electrocution,earthing wires, and non use of junction boxes
Radioactive hazards in radioimmunoassays

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6
Q

How can we make this work environment safe?

A

Obeying laboratory safety rules and regulations

And laboratory safety symbols

training and competency testing eg fire drills

Common sense

Expert knowledge eg radioactive materials

Experience/ learning from past incidents and accidents

Fire escape

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7
Q

General lab safety rules

A

General Behavior
Segregation of activities
Proper use of symbols &warning signs
Food and drink consumption and storage
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Clothing, footwear and hair
Quality instruments with regular maintenance

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8
Q

Protection of staff

A

Qualification
Immunization
Contact card
Laboratory manuals
Training
Pregnancy past medical history (e.g. allergies asthma)
First aid
Emergency equipment’s (e.g. fire extinguishers)

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9
Q

Steps in hazard procedure

A

Collection & transport of specimens
Sample processing
Laboratory chemicals & electrical hazards
Discard sample &other materials

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10
Q

Collection & transport of specimens

A

Proper labeling Timely transport
▫ Air tight containers
Minimal use of sharps
Proper handling

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11
Q

In sample processing

A

PPE (personal protective equipments) before handling specimen
Careful opening & closing of container
Use of safety cabinet
Proper use of equipments like Loop, Lamp, Centrifuge
Hand washing after finishing work

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12
Q

Hazards are divided into how many groups?

A

4

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13
Q

Group 1

A

Group1. organisms most unlikely to cause human disease

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14
Q

Group 2

A

Group 2. organisms may cause human disease & hazards to lab workers but unlikely to spread in community & effective treatment or prophylaxis

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15
Q

Group 3

A

Group 3. organisms may cause severe human disease, presents a serious hazard to workers & pose a risk to spread in community but there is effective treatment or prophylaxis

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16
Q

Group 4

A

Group 4. organisms may cause severe human disease, presents a serious hazard to workers & pose high risk to spread in community & there is no effective treatment or prophylaxis

17
Q

Containment levels are divided into

A

4

18
Q

Containment Level 1 laboratory

A

working with organisms from hazard group 1 no special care to be taken

19
Q

Containment level 2

A

pathogens fall in hazard 2 & must be handled in containment level 2 labs
Easy to clean with adequate space Limited access
Gowns & gloves
Autoclave for treatment & disposal of waste
Class 1/2 microbiological safety cabinet

20
Q

Containment level 3

A

work with category 3 hazard pathogens Isolated area with biohazard sign Restricted access Continuous ventilation & HEPA filters Class 2 or class 3 safety cabinets Own set of incubators, centrifuge, refrigerators
Gowns must be autoclaved after use

21
Q

What is autoclave

A

An autoclave is used to sterilize surgical equipment, laboratory instruments, pharmaceutical items, and other materials.

22
Q

Containment level 4

A

the strictest category for working with hazard group 4
Isolated area with buffer zone Biohazard warning signs & instructions
Full PPE gear with respirators
Sophisticated control of air movement
Use of sealed class 3 safety cabinets
Regular disinfection of equipments like incubators & safety cabinets
Regular fumigation

23
Q

Cabinets are divided into

A

Classes
I
II
III

24
Q

Disinfection of cabinets have 2 methods.
What are they?

A

Method A&B

25
Q

In Method A

A

Method A – use of 25 ml formalin ( 40% formaldehyde) with use of vaporizer

26
Q

In method B

A

B – use of 35 ml formalin + 10 g potassium permanganate
Cabinets sealed for overnight or at least for 5 hrs.
Warning sign placed over it
▫ Switch on the fan & slightly open the front pannel

27
Q

Disinfection of incubators

A

By using Methyl alcohol

28
Q

In mishaps with infective materials

A

Notify accidental exposure like splash, cuts & puncture

Immediate & proper first aid • PEP (post exposure prophylaxis)

Spillages – to be cleaned with proper use of disinfectants Hypochlorites (1%) – weak 1000 p.p.m. available Cl2 for routine surface

disinfection Hypochlorites (10%) – weak 10000 p.p.m. available Cl2 for blood spills & virology Alcohol (70%) for skin disinfection

29
Q

Post exposure prophylaxis

A

means taking HIV medicines within 72 hours (3 days) after a possible exposure to HIV to prevent HIV infection.

30
Q

Laboratory mechanical accidents

A

electrical & chemicals hazards
Centrifuge related accidents
•Faulty equipments & electrocution
• Short circuit fires & burns
• Chemical spillage like concentrated acid or alkali
• Chemical inhalational injury
• Chemical burns

31
Q

Disposal of laboratory materials is divided into 3 which are

A

Blood and body fluids

Microbiological waste

Solid waste

32
Q

Blood and body fluids

A

•(Regulated medical waste)
▫ Treated with bleach or autoclaved and put down the sanitary sewer. •

33
Q

Microbiological Waste including Biosafety Level ___,____& ____organisms:

A

1, 2 and 3

(Regulated medical waste)
Autoclaved at 121 °C. (Autoclaves are tested weekly using bio indicators Geobacillus stearothermophilus)
or chemically treated and put down sanitary sewer.

34
Q

Laboratory solid waste –

A

collected & transported to hospital waste management in proper color coded bags

FPP Clin Path (8 decks)

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